The names of the continents on the world map globe. Continents and continents. The structure of planet Earth

The science of geology studies the structure of our planet. Since it defines continents as land masses with a continental structure, the question of their number is within the purview of tectonics. Exploring the question of how many continents there are on Earth, this branch of science identifies six areas isolated by water. This is due to the fact that seas and oceans occupy much more space on the surface of the planet. While land accounts for about 30% (almost 150 million km²), the rest is water space.

How many continents are there on Earth?

The solid shell of the Earth is usually divided into 6 continents: Eurasia, Northern And South America, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica.

The largest continent is Eurasia(54.6 million km²);
It is followed by the ancestral home of man - Africa(30.3 million km²);
American sections of the earth's crust occupy an intermediate position ( Northern— 24.4 million km², South- 17.8 million km²);
Huge space is occupied by cold Antarctica(about 14 million km²);
And finally Australia characterized by the smallest size (7.7 million km²).

It should be noted that over the 4-plus billion years of the Earth’s existence, the number of continents on it was different. Tectonic processes occur regularly, and therefore it is possible that further changes are coming in the distant future. And they will no longer single out six continents, but more (or less).

Eurasia is the largest continent on the planet (54.6 million km²)

This section of the earth's crust occupies more than one third of the entire landmass. Its conventional division into Asia and Europe is usually carried out along straits, seas and mountains.

If in the south the border is determined by the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, then in the north it is the Ural Mountains. In the middle part, the border passes through the basins of the Black and Azov Seas. From its outer borders, the huge continent is washed by all existing oceans. The diversity of the relief of Eurasia is determined by its location on 6 continental platforms. Thanks to such tectonic features, its coastline is characterized by its heterogeneity and a significant number of lithospheric formations.

In addition, the mainland boasts the presence of all climatic zones, which explains the diversity of natural habitats. The same equatorial belt in the south contrasts sharply with the Arctic in the north. Among the interesting facts, one can note the presence of a chain of the highest mountains (Himalayan system) and the largest freshwater lake (Baikal). Vast plains, suffocating deserts, hot jungles - all this is present on the territory of Eurasia. Therefore, it is not surprising that most of the world's population lives here. Almost one hundred independent states are compactly located within the borders of its space.

Africa is the ancestral home of humans (30.3 million km²)

This continent is not only the hottest on the planet, but also the most ancient in terms of the development of civilization.

This is the cradle of man himself. It was here that traces of the first ancestor of all people inhabiting the planet were found. Unlike the previous continent, Africa is located on the same lithospheric platform, which causes some similarity in natural zones. The relief of the mainland is mostly represented by plains. For example, here you can find the largest desert in the world (Sahara).

A few mountains are represented only at the edges. Africa also boasts the longest river (the Nile), which flows through almost the entire continent. The diversity of climatic zones here is much less than in Eurasia: from equatorial to subtropical. At the same time, the number of states present on the continent is quite large - over 60 countries.

North America - the discovery of a Florentine explorer (24.4 million km²)

This section of the earth's crust appeared on topographic maps relatively recently. Only a few centuries ago, its presence was discovered by a Florentine traveler named Amerigo. According to the tradition of the scientific society, the continent subsequently received his name. However, it existed for a long time. And its indigenous population were Eskimos (in the north) and Indians (everywhere). Europeans began to explore North America only in the 16th century.

The continent is washed by three oceans: the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific.

Its coastline is characterized by the presence of a large number of different formations, which was a consequence of active tectonic processes. If the middle part is occupied mainly by plains, then chains of colorful mountains stretch along the edges of North America. In the east there is the Appalachian system, in the west there is the Cordillera.

In addition, not far from the mainland is the largest existing island on Earth (Greenland). The diversity of natural zones is due to the presence of almost all climatic zones. However, water resources are distributed extremely unevenly: most of the lakes and rivers are represented in the north. Another feature of North America is the placement of its states on the geographical map. Only 3 of the total (23 countries in total) are located on the mainland. The remaining states are located on small islands.

South America - Columbus's amazing find (17.8 million km²)

This continent could well bear his name if he had not been so confident that he had discovered another route to the already known India. Subsequently, European expeditions were sent to follow his route, and they discovered a new piece of land. Beginning in the 16th century, European colonial conquests led to the displacement of the indigenous population (Inca). Now there are 12 countries on this terrestrial ledge. Along the edges of the continent it is washed by the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Most of the land is flat. However, it also has its own mountain system. The longest chain of mountains is called the Andes. They stretch along the entire coast in the West.

Another interesting feature of South America is the extremely frequent rains: in the equatorial zone, over time, the most abundant river system (the Amazon with its tributaries) formed. Despite the presence of six climatic zones, the continent is considered to be the wettest. Since most of it is located just in the equator zone. Among the interesting facts is the dominance of Romance languages in South American countries. Which looks quite natural, given the active development of local lands by European colonialists.

Antarctica is the southernmost part of the globe (about 14 million km²)

A characteristic feature of this continent is the ice “crust” on its surface. Moreover, its thickness in some places reaches 4 km. If we imagine that the ice cover of Antarctica will suddenly melt, then we need to prepare for a significant increase in the level (by more than 50 m!) of the world ocean. Due to the fact that the kingdom of ice is located on most of the land, the average temperature of the continent does not rise to above zero. Its average value is within -40 ºC. In such conditions, life exists only in the coastal area.

The smallest continent is washed by the waters of three oceans (with the exception of the 4th - the Arctic).

Europeans discovered it much later than others, although references to the land “opposite the Arctic” were found even in the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Among the curious details, one can note the strong solar radiation and the constancy of wind movement. Which certainly attracts researchers of alternative energy sources on Earth.

Australia is a selfish continent (7.7 million km²)

It received this name for the fact that there is only one state within its borders. The country of the same name occupies an honorable sixth place among the giant states.

However, only 22 million people live on its territory... This is due to the arid climate of the continent, which led to the formation of desert areas across most of the Australian platform. A few river systems and mountain ranges are found only along the edges of the coast. And it is washed by such oceans as: Indian (in the southwest) and Pacific (in the northeast). A favorable climate for living is observed only in a small part of the territory.

At the same time, it is surprising that this is where the largest number of so-called endemics are located: unique biological representatives of flora and fauna. As for humans, the Australian Bushman is considered to be an indigenous person. However, after the discovery of the continent at the beginning of the 17th century by European expeditions, other nationalities began to actively populate it. Now the official language of the Commonwealth of Australia is considered a dialect of English.

Difference between island and mainland

There is one more issue that requires clarification. How can we define the difference between an island and a mainland, given the similarity of their definition? After all, both those and other protrusions of land are equally washed by water. However, there are still differences, let’s try to list them:

Dimensions. The islands are much smaller in size. Even the largest of them is much inferior to “small” Australia;
Education. Unlike islands, continents were formed due to the splitting of lithospheric plates. If at the dawn of the planet’s existence there was a single indivisible continent, then cracks appeared, leading to its division into parts. This can be easily detected even with the naked eye when looking at a topographic map. The outlines of the edges of the continental plates are too similar to deny the obvious. They are very easy to assemble mentally, like puzzles. Islands sometimes have completely different reasons for their formation. For example, this may be a consequence of the activity of marine polyps or volcanic eruptions;
Habitability. Unlike populous continents, not all islands are inhabited.

Continental models. How many continents are there?

Often people do not make a difference between the designations of a continent and a mainland, believing that they are synonyms. However, this is not so, since the first include only those areas of the earth's land that do not have a land border.

Therefore, the two Americas are united into one American continent, and Africa, accordingly, with Eurasia.

But not all modern countries support such a division into 4 continents. Afro-Eurasia is recognized only by English-speaking states with China and India. Also, not everyone agrees with the principle of division itself, suggesting that other factors be taken as a basis.

Historical and cultural concept of “parts of the world”, their names

If science deals with the difference between the concepts of “continent” and “mainland,” then history deals with the etymology of the origin of “part of the world.” It was she who determined the significant cultural difference between the above-mentioned terms. Moreover, their total quantity (6 parts) is the same. Eurasia was divided on historical and cultural grounds into Europe and Asia, and the two Americas, on the contrary, were united into the New World.

The territory of Oceania was added to Australia. Otherwise, the usual picture remains, which people have been painting since ancient times. That is, long before scientific research. Only knowledge about the culture of the local population and its history was taken into account.

Video - Geography for children

Simplified encyclopedias are compiled especially for children, indicating all geographical names. And the world map is characterized by the image of already explored continents. For example, in an educational video you can see and hear not only the names of land areas, but also the animals living on them. Other interesting facts are also given in order to captivate the young viewer. For example, the geographical significance of the Amazon river system or the cold climate of Antarctica.

In another video, little listeners will learn not only how many continents there are on Earth, but also how they differ from parts of the world. The children themselves ask Professor Pervokhodtsev their questions, which he then answers. For example, he reveals the secret of the existence of a once united continent and predicts its formation in the future. It also lifts the curtain on the mystery of the name of the Solomon Islands. And whoever is a particularly attentive and patient viewer will wait for a detailed description of the state of Tunisia.

Sections: Primary School

Item: Lesson of the surrounding world (lesson of mastering knowledge, skills).

Duration: 45 minutes

Class: 3rd grade

Technology: The PowerPoint presentation can be used as illustrative material for the lesson.

Text of the work: lesson notes for the educational program "Prospective Primary School" (in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard)

The purpose of the lesson: creating conditions for the formation of meta-subject skills through the “world around us” lesson.

Lesson objectives:

1. Test students’ knowledge of the globe as a model of the Earth.

2. Introduce new terms “ocean”, “continent”.

3. Give initial information about the oceans and continents of our planet.

4. Continue developing skills in working with a globe and oral storytelling skills.

5. Develop communicative competence: the ability to conduct a dialogue, coordinate your actions with the actions of a partner in joint activities.

6. Develop independent thinking, cognitive interest in the world around us.

Planned results

Subject: be able to explain the meaning of the terms “continent”, “ocean”, expand knowledge about the continents and water areas of our planet, find continents and oceans on the globe.

Metasubject:

Communication: business partnership communication skills; the ability to find and correct errors in the work of a neighbor and during collective discussion.

Regulatory:

Reflective skills: comprehend a practical problem for which existing knowledge is not enough.
Evaluation skills: compare the results obtained with the task; evaluate your activities in the lesson, determine successes and difficulties.

Cognitive:

General educational activities: the ability to construct speech statements orally on issues; extract necessary information from text

Logical actions: the ability to build a logical chain of reasoning

Personal: formation of positive self-esteem.

Lesson type: lesson in mastering new knowledge, skills, abilities

Lesson format: individual-group

Teaching methods: verbal, visual, practical.

Equipment and visual aids: textbooks, reading books, notebooks for independent work, demonstrative globe, map of the hemispheres, ITK, handouts.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment(Slide 2)

Close your eyes, lower your heads and listen to the words:

“If we close our eyes, we will not see anything, There was nothing before except darkness. And it was so until a blue sparkling ball appeared. This is the Earth. Life begins: The world shimmers dazzlingly, And how important it is that this lasted forever.” It is with this mood that we will begin our lesson “The World Around us.” Slide 3 (earth)

II. Updating knowledge

Discoveries await you during the lesson. Whether they will be large or small, each of you will have your own. And I also want to give you advice: “Think carefully before you answer” Slide4

Before we determine the topic of the lesson, let's remember some material that we studied earlier and which will be useful in today's lesson

Formed UUD

1. Understand a practical problem for which existing knowledge and business partnership communication skills are insufficient.

2. The ability to build a logical chain of reasoning

3. Business partnership communication skills

4. Ability to find and correct mistakes in a neighbor’s work

5. Ability to compare the results obtained with the task at hand

6. The ability to construct a speech statement orally on issues

1. Creation of a problematic situation.

What do all these words have in common? These are imaginary lines and points invented by man to make it easier to navigate the surface of our planet. In what situations is such orientation necessary?

2. Organization of work in groups.

(each group receives envelopes with the task: compose a riddle story without mentioning the term

meridian
globe
parallel
equator Slide 5, Annex 1, Slide 6

3. Result of group work.

Guys, today we will take a trip around the globe without leaving the classroom: What is necessary for this? But on what?

You will find out if you solve the crossword puzzle correctly.

1. A line drawn at the same distance from the poles on the globe. (Equator)

2. The closest star to us. (Sun)

3. Lines connecting the North Pole to the South Pole of the Earth (Meridians)

4. Translated from Latin, “globe” means -: (Ball)

5. Reduced model of the Earth. (Globe)

6. The meridian drawn by a thicker or red line on the globe is called: (Zero)

7. Lines that are drawn to the North and South Poles from the equator are called: singular (parallel). Slide 7

What word did you get? Voice it out.

Well, of course, on a ship! Slide 8

So, have a nice trip!

Let's go on a trip around the world! Here is the definition of the word “travel” given by Ozhegov’s explanatory dictionary: “A journey is a trip or movement to some places, countries (usually for acquaintance or recreation). So, what will we become? Travelers are people who travel.

Learning new material

Formed UUD

1. The ability to build a logical chain of reasoning

2. Business partnership communication skills

3. Ability to find and correct mistakes in a neighbor’s work

4. Ability to compare the results obtained with the task at hand

5. The ability to construct a speech statement orally on issues

1. Statement of the topic and purpose of the lesson. Slide 9 (topic) Slide 10 (goals)

What is the topic of the lesson?

What question will we get an answer to as we work in today's lesson?

2. Read the motto of the lesson: Slide 11 (motto)

Do you think you know everything? Do you want to continue studying further and learn something else? Appendix 2 Slide 12 (self-assessment at the beginning of the lesson)

3. Organization of students’ activities to acquire new knowledge.

3.1. Organization of frontal work according to the textbook P. 13 Slide 13

What color is the globe?

Why is there most blue and cyan on the globe?

Light blue and dark blue colors indicate expanses of water - oceans, seas, rivers, lakes.

Read the definition of "ocean" in your textbook.

So we start the journey with Arctic Ocean.

Going southeast and ending up in: Look at the globe. IN Pacific Ocean

Heading towards the South Pole, we find ourselves in: South ocean, which opened recently.
Atlantic Ocean.
Ascending to the northeast, we find ourselves in: Indian Ocean.
Moving north, we find ourselves in Arctic Ocean. Slide 14-17

3.2 Organization of work in groups (according to the reader, pp. 12-13)

Tell us what new you learned.

Discussion of questions after the text.

1) Each group receives printed material for independent study. Then a student is selected to read (Appendix 3)

2)Read additional material for yourself. reading. Reader. (P.12-13) "The Secret of the Five Oceans"

Retelling
Do you have any guesses about which oceans' names indicate their location on Earth?
Which one least lives up to its name?

Physical exercise (clip-exercise for the eyes) Slides 18-19

3.3 Organization of frontal work

Let's look at the map of the hemispheres. Which color is more? (Work on the map of the hemispheres in the textbook) If we could look at the Earth from a height of several thousand kilometers, we would see that most of it is occupied by water. Among the vast expanses of water there are areas of land called continents. There are six continents on the globe. The largest continent is called Eurasia. Slide 20

Tell me, in which hemisphere is it located? North or south of the equator? And on this large continent is our Motherland - the Russian Federation.

The second largest continent is Africa, which, like Eurasia, is located in the Eastern Hemisphere. Look at the Western Hemisphere, which contains 2 continents - North and South America.

The fifth continent - Antarctica - is the only continent on the globe where there are no permanent residents. Stations have been created here where scientists from different countries conduct scientific observations. The smallest continent is Australia. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere. Since ancient times, land has been divided not only into continents, but also into parts of the world. There are also six parts of the world: Slides 21-23 (parts of the world) - Europe, where our ancestors lived; - Asia is a neighboring territory with Europe; - Africa; - Australia; - Antarctica; - America.

Continents - North and South America form one part of the world - America. And on one continent of Eurasia there are two parts of the world - Europe and Asia.

People built big ships and traveled a lot. So they discovered new parts of the world - America, Australia, Antarctica. What parts of the world do you think are called the Old World? So, we have now talked about parts of the world, and there is also such a geographical concept as CONTINENTS.

IV. Consolidation of knowledge

Formed UUD

1. Extract the necessary information from the text

2. The ability to construct statements orally

3. Ability to apply knowledge in practice

1). Working from the textbook

Be careful! What do you notice? (There are six continents, as well as Parts of the World. But they do not coincide in territory. Part of the World - America consists of two continents: North and South, connected to each other.) And two parts of the world, Europe and Asia, together form the continent. Which? (Eurasia.)

2). Organization of work in pairs.

Look at the map of the hemispheres on the cover spread and complete the task.

Find: Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North America, South America.

*Make assumptions

Which continent is the smallest? (Australia)

Which continent is the largest? (Eurasia)

2 pairs listen, show a sample of work on the task and the result of the activity, compare, argue.

3).Checking the completion of the task. (2 pairs are heard and shown a sample of work)

4). Organization of activities to test acquired knowledge

Test: “Continents and oceans on the globe” (Work using cards. Appendix 4)

5). Listen to Andrei Usachev's poem "Four Oceans", does the poet correctly explain modern geography?

Why? (Appendix5)

6). Notebook assignment No. 3-6

V. Summary

Formed UUD

1). Evaluate your activities in the lesson, identify successes and difficulties.

1.Organization of students’ activities to analyze and evaluate their activities in the lesson

What tasks did we set at the beginning of the lesson?

1). Game “10 seconds” (Children stand in a circle and each one says in one sentence what new things they learned in the lesson.) Slide 24

2). Reflection of activity. Let's repeat the key words of the lesson.

Our journey has ended. We closed our eyes and returned to class.

2. Reading a poem by E. Shklovsky.

Guys, why does the globe ask you to protect the Earth?

Conclusion: Our planet Earth is unique. The uniqueness of the Earth lies primarily in the fact that we live on it. Therefore, you and I must learn as much as possible about our planet and take care of it.

VI. D/Z (differentiated). From 12-14, textbook

a).Answers to questions after the text;

b). Prepare a retelling;

V). Prepare a report on oceans and continents. Slide 26-27

VII. Assessment. Slide 28

Used Books.

Textbook "The World around us" 3rd grade, edited by O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, A.A. Trafimova., "The World Around" 3rd grade, edited by O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, A.A. Trafimova
Reader "The World Around You" 3rd grade, edited by O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, A.A. Trafimova., "The World Around" 3rd grade, edited by O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, A.A. Trafimova
Methodological manual 3rd edition "The World around us" 3rd grade, edited by O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, A.A. Trafimova, L.A. Tsarevoy, Moscow Academic book/textbook 2010
"The world around us" 3rd class. Lesson plans for the textbook "The World Around us" 3rd grade, edited by O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, A.A. Trafimova, Author-compiler N.V. Lobodina, Uchitel Publishing House Volgograd 2010
Materials from participants in the festival of pedagogical ideas "Open Lesson", "First of September"

A continent is a large land surface that is washed on all sides by oceans or seas.

How many continents are there on Earth and their names

The Earth is a very large planet, but despite this, a significant area of it is water - more than 70%. And only about 30% is occupied by continents and islands of various sizes.

One of the largest is Eurasia, it occupies more than 54 million square meters. It contains the 2 largest parts of the world - Europe and Asia. Eurasia is the only continent that is washed on all sides by oceans. On its shores you can see a large number of large and small bays, islands of varying sizes. Eurasia is located on 6 tectonic platforms, which is why its relief is so diverse.

The highest mountains are located in Eurasia, as well as Baikal, the deepest lake. The population of this part of the world makes up almost a third of the entire planet, living in 108 countries.

Africa occupies more than 30 million square meters. The names of all the continents on the planet are studied in detail in the school curriculum, but some people do not know their number even as adults. This may be due to the fact that in geography lessons continents are often called continents. These two names have significant differences. The main difference is that the continent has no land border.

Africa is the hottest among all others. The main part of its surface is made up of plains and mountains. Hot Africa is home to the longest river on Earth, the Nile, as well as the Sahara desert.

Africa is divided into 5 regions: South, North, West, East, and Central. There are 62 countries on this part of the Earth.

The names of all continents include North America. It is washed on all sides by the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic oceans. The coast of North America is uneven; a large number of large and small bays, islands of various sizes, straits and bays have formed along it. In the central part there is a huge plain.

North America

The local inhabitants of the mainland are Eskimos or Indians. In total, there are 23 states in this part of the Earth, among them: Mexico, the USA and Canada.

South America ranks on the surface of the planet there are more than 17 million square meters. It is washed by the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and also has the longest mountain system. The rest of the surface is predominantly plateau or plains. Among all parts, South America is the rainiest. Its indigenous inhabitants are Indians living in 12 states.

South America

The number of continents on planet Earth includes Antarctica, its area is more than 14 million square meters. Its entire surface is covered with blocks of ice, the average thickness of this layer is about 1500 meters. Scientists have calculated that if this ice were to completely melt, the water level on Earth would rise by about 60 meters!

Antarctica

Its main area is a desert of ice, the population lives only on the shores. Antarctica is the lowest temperature surface of the planet, the average air temperature is from −20 to −90 degrees.

Australia- occupied area of more than 7 million square meters. This is the only continent with only 1 state. Plains and mountains occupy the main area; they are located along the entire coast. Australia is home to the largest number of large and small wild animals and birds, and it also has the greatest diversity of vegetation. The indigenous people are the Aborigines and Bushmen.

Australia

How many continents on Earth are there 6 or 7?

There is an opinion that their number is not 6, but 7. The area located around the South Pole is made up of huge blocks of ice. Currently, many scientists call it another continent on planet Earth. But there is no life at this South Pole, only penguins live.

To the question: “ How many continents are there on planet Earth?", you can accurately answer - 6.

Continents

There are only 4 continents on Earth:

America.
Antarctica.
Australia.
Afro-Eurasia.

But each country has its own opinion about their number. For example, in India, as well as residents of China, they believe that their total number is 7; residents of these countries call Asia and Europe separate continents. The Spaniards, when they mention the continents, name all the surfaces of the world associated with America. And the residents of Greece say that there are only 5 continents on the planet, because only people live on them.

What is the difference between an island and the mainland

Both definitions are a larger or smaller area of land, washed on all sides by water. At the same time, there are certain, significant differences between them.

Dimensions. One of the smallest is Australia; it occupies a much larger area than Greenland, one of the largest islands.
History of education. Each island is formed in a special way. There are continents that arose as a result of ancient fragments of lithospheric plates. Others were created due to volcanic eruptions. There are also those species that emerged from polyps, they are also called “coral islands”.
Its habitability. There is life on absolutely all six continents, even on the coldest one - Antarctica. But most of the islands remain uninhabited to this day. But on them you can meet animals and birds of a wide variety of species, and see plants hitherto unknown to man.

It is not enough just to know what a globe is. You need to learn how to read it correctly in order to learn a lot of new and interesting things. In this lesson we will learn what the colors on the globe mean. Let's learn the names of the oceans and continents, talk about their features and differences. Let's get acquainted with the amazing wonders of nature, flora and fauna.

Why are there the most blue and cyan colors on the globe? Most of the earth's surface is covered with water. In a photograph taken from space, all areas of water appear blue. This color on the globe indicates oceans and seas, rivers and lakes.

Rice. 2. Earth from space ()

But if you look closely, you will notice that in different places the ocean is indicated by different shades. This is done to show depth: the deeper the ocean, the darker the blue color, and the shallower the depth, the lighter the paint on the globe. - these are huge expanses of bitterly salty water that surround continents and islands.

Pacific Ocean- the largest on Earth.

Rice. 4. Physical map of the Pacific Ocean ()

The navigator Ferdinand Magellan gave it this name because during his journey on sailing ships this ocean was calm. Although in fact the Pacific Ocean is not quiet at all, especially in its western part, where it raises and drives huge waves - tsunami, bringing a lot of trouble to the inhabitants of the Japanese islands.

Mariana Trench- the deepest place in the world. It is located in the Pacific Ocean, its depth is eleven kilometers and thirty-four meters.

Rice. 6. Mariana Trench ()

Previously, Europeans did not even suspect the existence of the Pacific Ocean. They knew only one ocean - Atlantic, which seemed limitless, so it was named after the most powerful hero of Greek myths, Atlas.

Rice. 7. Physical map of the Atlantic Ocean ()

In fact, the Atlantic Ocean is the second largest after the Pacific Ocean, the greatest depth of the ocean is 5 kilometers. In the Atlantic Ocean there are huge waves as high as a three-story building.

Indian Ocean It is especially restless in its southern part. It is warmer than others; even in the northern part of the Indian Ocean, the waters warm up to + 35 degrees.

Rice. 8. Physical map of the Indian Ocean ()

Arctic- the northernmost region, covered in winter and summer with a thick layer of ice and snow. There is a fourth ocean near the North Pole, almost its entire surface is covered with thick, strong ice, and there are multi-meter snowdrifts around. That's why this ocean was named Arctic.

Rice. 9. Physical map of the Arctic Ocean

Relatively recently, oceanographers began to identify a fifth, South ocean.

Rice. 10. Physical map of Antarctica ()

Previously, this ocean was considered to be the southern parts of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans. All oceans together: Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic and Southern - merge together into one world Ocean, which washes the entire globe.

On the globe, large areas of land called continents are depicted in green, yellow, brown and white. On the ground six continents: Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North America, South America.

Eurasia- the largest continent, within its borders lie two parts of the world: Europe and Asia.

Rice. 11. Physical map of Eurasia ()

It is the only continent on Earth washed by four oceans: the Arctic in the north, the Indian in the south, the Atlantic in the west and the Pacific in the east. Our homeland is located on this continent Russia.

Rice. 12. Russia on the map of Eurasia ()

The surface of the continent is very diverse. Mountains and plains are the main forms of the earth's surface. Brown indicates the location of mountains, while green and yellow indicate plains. The largest of them West Siberian(flat plain) Eastern European(hilly plain).

Rice. 13. West Siberian Plain ()

Rice. 14. Physical map of the East European Plain ()

Rivers are indicated on the globe by uneven blue lines drawn along the surface of the continents. Rivers flow across the East European Plain Volga, Don, Dnieper, a river flows across the West Siberian Plain Ob. Mountains rise above the surface of the plains. The higher the mountains, the darker their color on the globe. Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world.

Rice. 15. Himalaya mountains ()

Jamalungma (Everest)- the highest mountain in the world (8 km 708 m).

Rice. 16. Mount Jamalungma ()

Located in Eurasia Baikal- the deepest lake,

Rice. 17. Lake Baikal ()

The largest lake

Rice. 18. Caspian Sea ()

largest peninsula Arabian,

Rice. 19. Coast of the Arabian Peninsula ()

lowest point of land in the world - depression Dead Sea.

Rice. 20. Dead Sea ()

Rice. 21. Pole of Cold Oymyakon ()

Africa is the second largest continent, which is located on both sides of the equator, washed by the Atlantic Ocean from the west and the Indian Ocean from the east and south.

Rice. 22. Physical map of Africa ()

Africa is known for its diversity of nature: impenetrable tropical forests with orchids,

Rice. 23. Rainforest ()

grassy plains with baobabs (huge trees up to forty meters in circumference),

vast expanses of desert.

Rice. 25. Desert in Africa ()

Africa is the hottest continent on the planet. Here it is Sahara Desert.

Rice. 26. Sahara Desert ()

It is the largest desert in the world and the hottest place on Earth (the maximum recorded temperature is +58 degrees). On this continent flows Nile- the second longest river in the world.

Rice. 27. River Nile ()

Volcano Kilimanjaro- the highest point in Africa.

Rice. 28. Mount Kilimanjaro ()

Victoria, Tanganyika, Chad- the largest lakes on this continent.

Rice. 29. Lake Victoria ()

Rice. 30. Lake Tanganyika ()

Rice. 31. Lake Chad ()

In the Western Hemisphere are North America And South America, they are washed from the west by the Pacific Ocean, from the east by the Atlantic, and North America is also washed by the Arctic Ocean from the north.

Rice. 32. Physical map of North America

Rice. 33. Physical map of South America

North America also includes the largest island on Earth, it is called Greenland.

Rice. 34. Coast of Greenland ()

These continents are rich in rivers and lakes. North America is home to one of the world's greatest rivers Mississippi,

Rice. 35. Mississippi River ()

and in South America there is a river, the largest in the world in terms of depth and length.

Rice. 36. Amazon ()

There is a bay on the coast of North America Fundy, which, in addition to its incredible beauty, is famous for the largest tides in the world, more than seventeen meters.

Rice. 37. Bay of Fundy ()

Just imagine, millions of tons of water approach the shore in twelve hours and then move away from it. The world's tallest waterfall is located in South America. Angel, its total height is 979 meters.

Rice. 38. Angel Falls ()

It seems as if it is shrouded in fog - a curtain of tiny particles of water that is sprayed, falling from such a great height. The most powerful waterfall in the world is located on the same continent Iguazu.

Rice. 39. Iguazu Falls ()

Although in fact it is a whole complex of 270 individual waterfalls, which is about 2.7 km wide. South America is home to the driest place in the world - the desert. Atacama.

Rice. 40. Atacama Desert ()

In some places in this desert, rain falls once every few decades.

Australia- the fifth continent, which is smaller than all the others. The Pacific Ocean washes the northern and eastern coasts, the Indian Ocean washes the western and southern coasts.

Rice. 41. Physical map of Australia

Most of the continent is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts, there are very few rivers, which is why Australia is considered the driest continent on Earth. Common here screams(English creek - rivulet) - rivers that exist only during the rainy season and completely dry up for most of the year.

Rice. 2. Earth from space ()

Pacific Ocean- the largest on Earth.

Rice. 4. Physical map of the Pacific Ocean ()

Mariana Trench- the deepest place in the world. It is located in the Pacific Ocean, its depth is eleven kilometers and thirty-four meters.

Rice. 6. Mariana Trench ()

Rice. 7. Physical map of the Atlantic Ocean ()

Indian Ocean It is especially restless in its southern part. It is warmer than others; even in the northern part of the Indian Ocean, the waters warm up to + 35 degrees.

Rice. 8. Physical map of the Indian Ocean ()

Rice. 9. Physical map of the Arctic Ocean

Relatively recently, oceanographers began to identify a fifth, South ocean.

Rice. 10. Physical map of Antarctica ()

Eurasia- the largest continent, within its borders lie two parts of the world: Europe and Asia.

Rice. 11. Physical map of Eurasia ()

Rice. 12. Russia on the map of Eurasia ()

Rice. 13. West Siberian Plain ()

Rice. 14. Physical map of the East European Plain ()

Rice. 15. Himalaya mountains ()

Jamalungma (Everest)- the highest mountain in the world (8 km 708 m).

Rice. 16. Mount Jamalungma ()

Located in Eurasia Baikal- the deepest lake,

Rice. 17. Lake Baikal ()

The largest lake

Rice. 18. Caspian Sea ()

largest peninsula Arabian,

Rice. 19. Coast of the Arabian Peninsula ()

lowest point of land in the world - depression Dead Sea.

Rice. 20. Dead Sea ()

Rice. 21. Pole of Cold Oymyakon ()

Africa is the second largest continent, which is located on both sides of the equator, washed by the Atlantic Ocean from the west and the Indian Ocean from the east and south.

Rice. 22. Physical map of Africa ()

Africa is known for its diversity of nature: impenetrable tropical forests with orchids,

Rice. 23. Rainforest ()

grassy plains with baobabs (huge trees up to forty meters in circumference),

vast expanses of desert.

Rice. 25. Desert in Africa ()

Africa is the hottest continent on the planet. Here it is Sahara Desert.

Rice. 26. Sahara Desert ()

It is the largest desert in the world and the hottest place on Earth (the maximum recorded temperature is +58 degrees). On this continent flows Nile- the second longest river in the world.

Rice. 27. River Nile ()

Volcano Kilimanjaro- the highest point in Africa.

Rice. 28. Mount Kilimanjaro ()

Victoria, Tanganyika, Chad- the largest lakes on this continent.

Rice. 29. Lake Victoria ()

Rice. 30. Lake Tanganyika ()

Rice. 31. Lake Chad ()

Rice. 32. Physical map of North America

Rice. 33. Physical map of South America

North America also includes the largest island on Earth, it is called Greenland.

Rice. 34. Coast of Greenland ()

These continents are rich in rivers and lakes. North America is home to one of the world's greatest rivers Mississippi,

Rice. 35. Mississippi River ()

and in South America there is a river, the largest in the world in terms of depth and length.

Rice. 36. Amazon ()

There is a bay on the coast of North America Fundy, which, in addition to its incredible beauty, is famous for the largest tides in the world, more than seventeen meters.

Rice. 37. Bay of Fundy ()

Rice. 38. Angel Falls ()

Rice. 39. Iguazu Falls ()

Although in fact it is a whole complex of 270 individual waterfalls, which is about 2.7 km wide. South America is home to the driest place in the world - the desert. Atacama.

Rice. 40. Atacama Desert ()

In some places in this desert, rain falls once every few decades.

Australia- the fifth continent, which is smaller than all the others. The Pacific Ocean washes the northern and eastern coasts, the Indian Ocean washes the western and southern coasts.

Rice. 41. Physical map of Australia