School guide. Primary School Curricula: Understanding Together How to choose a school curriculum for a first grader test

Above. She allowed to teach and educate a child who approached high school fully armed.

In the early 1990s, the relevant services began to pay special attention to programs. As a result, many options for teaching first-graders were born. Currently, there are about ten main programs designed to help children develop the inclinations inherent in them. At least that's what it looks like on paper.

According to the Law on Education, each school has the right to independently choose one or another program. Parents, on the other hand, have the opportunity to choose a training option based on the abilities and level of learning of the child, since there are complex programs, and there are simpler ones.

"School of Russia"

The most traditional school program is the "School of Russia". It was taught in Soviet times. It is designed for almost all students. Naturally, it was modernized, new knowledge was added in order to develop logic. At the same time, it is easily digestible. Probably, it is the "School of Russia" that acts as the most universal and best program for most children.

Development program Zankov

This program is designed to give the child a maximum of theory, then at some point he will have a boost in development. The material is given as quickly as possible, in almost all areas of life.

There are no major or minor items here. Each lesson is built in the form of a dialogue, there are search and creative tasks. The program is harder than the "School of Russia". Students must be developed and prepared. If the child has not attended kindergarten, it will be difficult for him to master this version of the program.

Developing program Elkonin - Davydov

A very complex program aimed at developing theoretical thinking in children. The student is taught to change on his own, putting forward simple hypotheses, looking for evidence and arguments. This is good for memory. Suitable for children who are slightly ahead of their peers in development.

"School-2100"

Teachers believe that this program is designed to teach how to learn. There are many tasks that develop logic, intelligence. Many tasks are submitted in ready-made printed form, so that the student can finish them by entering the necessary icons or numbers in the cells.

The system is interesting in that it is multi-level, that is, tasks are given separately for strong and lagging children. This approach allows taking into account the development of each student individually.

"Elementary school of the 21st century"

It is a gentle program with a long adaptive period. The authors believe that children adapt to school life only by the end of the first grade. Curricula develop thinking, imagination. However, some items can be combined into one. For example, "Letter" includes the Russian language and literature. The program is suitable for any child.

This program is one of the most painless for children to adapt to school.

"Harmony"

It is very similar to the Zankov program, but a little simpler. The program is designed to develop the child in many ways - logic, intelligence, artistic creativity, emotional abilities. The role of the teacher is to create comfortable relationships among students in all respects.

"Promising Elementary School"

The program focuses on over-subject competencies, but not on skills, knowledge and logic. For example, mathematics develops logic and intelligence.

The student will not cram theorems and all kinds of axioms. But the children will be encouraged to engage in extracurricular activities. For example, first-graders, plus, will be engaged in drawing 10 hours a year, like music and sports. The program is designed for ordinary children and will suit most first-graders.

It is impossible to single out the best program unambiguously, since everything depends on the characteristics of the development of the child, his predispositions. To make the right choice, it is better to talk with teachers who will give recommendations. You should not think that studying under the Zankov program, the child will be smarter than the one who chose the "School 2100". Everything depends on him and his innate talents and predispositions.

Many parents of children going to first grade do not understand the difference between the educational programs that elementary schools offer today. In total, there are eight programs on the list of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science. So what school program to choose for a first grader? The author of "Letidor" talked about the most popular of them with the well-known author of manuals for elementary school, teacher-practitioner Olga Uzorova.

Program "Schools of Russia"

Olga, what can you say about her?

This is a classic. The parents of today's first-graders also studied at the School of Russia. Children who go to school under this program have every right to come to grade 1 without knowing anything at all. Of course, they saw letters and numbers, but so far they did not pay much attention to them. But these children, as a rule, have well-developed speech. Before school, relatives and friends baked pies with them, rode a bicycle, walked a lot, and discussed all this.

Nowadays, the program "Schools of Russia" follows the 1-4 system, when elementary school consists of four years of study. In my opinion, the best textbooks are from the same program, but according to the 1-3 system. It is in them that topics are more logically built and revealed.

In general, the "School of Russia" is such a base on which you can string any of the programs offered by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.

Do I understand correctly that the transition from school to school to another training program from the "School of Russia" is easier?

Yes, it is easier if the teacher gives a good base. However, it is almost impossible for a teacher to take a clean program and study only one textbook. For example, I alternate the classical program with mathematics according to L.G. Peterson. I also add a little bit from Harmony, a little bit from D.B. Elkonin - V.V. Davydov.

Most Methodists say that this should never be done. But I have a lot of experience in school. And, as practice shows, there are no universal solutions for different children. Of my three grades in elementary school, we never repeated sets of textbooks. And the topics that I chose for the same Peterson were very different for each class.

Which future first-grader will go to is influenced by many factors: location, family traditions, teaching staff, subject bias, etc. Recently, another one has been added to them - the educational system.

It used to be that mathematics and Russian were taught in all domestic schools using the same textbooks, now curricula or educational and methodological complexes (TMC) stand guard over knowledge. As a rule, according to the chosen program, the child studies from grades 1 to 4, i.e. the entire elementary school. Today, about 10 such training programs are presented in the educational field. All this diversity is regulated by federal state educational standards (FSES). If the program complies with the Federal State Educational Standard, then its educational materials are approved by the Ministry of Education and Science and then fall into special lists of admitted educational literature.

All educational and methodological complexes include completed subject lines of textbooks in the main subjects of primary education. For example, the "School of Russia" includes: alphabet, Russian language, literary reading, mathematics, the world around us, technology, fine arts, physical education, as well as copybooks, test books, technological maps.

Differences between the teaching materials must be sought in the content. Nine years ago, programs were divided into traditional and developing ones. Now this division has become conditional, because. all programs are guided by the activity of the child in the learning process, the development of his personality, his cognitive and creative abilities. However, if you hear somewhere that the "School of Russia" or "Primary School of the 21st Century" is called traditional, and the system of L.V. Zankov - developing, don't let that bother you, now all programs are aligned with each other.

Of course, some differences remain. All programs are written by different groups of authors: each EMC has its own "star", and very often teachers and parents are guided precisely by the names of the compilers, expressing their preferences. For example, textbooks on the world around "School of Russia" were created by A.A. Pleshakov, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, laureate of the Russian Presidential Prize in the field of education. A.A. Pleshakov is the scientific director of the "School of Russia" program. But the scientific director of "School 2000" is Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor. Adherents of the program believe that it is her math textbooks that perfectly develop logic and thinking.

It often happens that several systems are adopted at once in one school: parallel classes study according to different programs. Information about which system children will study, as a rule, is already known when the first grade is enrolled, that is, before the start of the school year. The school notifies parents about this and issues lists of necessary educational and methodological literature.

Note that the Federal State Educational Standards are constantly being finalized, and it may happen that the textbook of the older brother is already outdated and will not suit the future first-grader, even if the children are studying according to the same system. In this case, you will have to purchase a complete set for a year: a textbook, copybooks, workbooks. For parents of schoolchildren, the simplest and best solution is to order textbooks for the whole class collectively: both children and the teacher will receive the same sets and will be spared the problem of matching the necessary pages and exercises.

Neither parents nor teachers have an unambiguous opinion about which program is better. According to various unofficial surveys, the leading positions in Russian schools are occupied by "School of Russia" and "School 2100".

It is quite possible to get acquainted in advance with what the program chosen at your school is: look at the information on the official websites of the Ministry of Education and the Federal State Educational Standard, chat with other parents. But first of all, talk to the teacher! After all, it is not so important according to which program your child will be taught, what is more important is who exactly will teach.

Comment on the article "School program for a first grader: what is the difference and how to choose"

Is it possible to choose a program? On the first of September, we were simply informed that we were going under the "Promising School" program, and that's it, there was no word on the choice of a word.

25.07.2013 21:39:48,

yeah, how about it, school 2100 is a terrible program, it was developed by moral freaks, there are simply no other words, you have to teach your child from other textbooks at home, completely illiterately written textbooks with a lot of errors and typos

24.05.2013 00:38:36,

Total 28 messages .

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How the child will feel
climbing the first rung of the ladder of knowing what he will experience,
depends on his entire further path to knowledge.
V.A. Sukhomlinsky

The arrival of a child in first grade is one of the most important and exciting events in the life of every parent. Therefore, it is necessary to take a serious approach to solving this issue: choose a good school, be sure to get to know the teacher. After all, it is in elementary school that a desire to learn and learn new things is formed, the ability to learn material, the ability to find a common language with peers, there is a further development of certain abilities (technical or humanitarian) and much more. It is very important to pay attention to another issue - a training program or an educational and methodological complex (TMC), according to which the child will study. Since, according to these textbooks and workbooks, he and, perhaps, his parents will have to master the material, receive basic knowledge. And their quality will determine how easily and quickly the child will be drawn into the learning process, and with what knowledge he will come to secondary school.

Currently, the order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated December 28, 2018 No. N 345 "On the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education." The federal list of textbooks (hereinafter referred to as the list) includes textbooks recommended by the Scientific and Methodological Council for Textbooks, created by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, on the basis of positive expert opinions based on the results of scientific, pedagogical, public, ethno-cultural and regional expertise and meeting certain requirements.

The federal list of textbooks includes (all or selectively) completed subject lines of textbooks that are part of the following educational and methodological complexes for elementary school:

School of Russia	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
perspective	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Primary school of the 21st century	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Promising Elementary School	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
planet of knowledge	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Harmony	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
RHYTHM	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Primary innovative school	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
School 2000 ... (mathematics L.V. Peterson)	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
System of L.V. Zankov (Developing Education Publishing House)	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Spheres (publishing house "Enlightenment")	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
(publishing house "BINOM. Laboratory of knowledge")	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade

The list does not include textbooks of the following teaching materials:

School 2100	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
D.B.Elkonin-V.V.Davydov system (publishing house "VITA-PRESS")	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
L.V. Zankov's system (Fedorov publishing house)	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Dialog	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade

At the same time, it should be noted that educational organizations have the right to use purchased textbooks from the federal list of textbooks approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2014 N 253 for three years.

feature listed educational programs for elementary school is that they include educational and methodological kits (TMK) in all or several subjects of primary general education (for example, Russian language, mathematics, literary reading and the world around, etc.). Each program or training system has its own goals, objectives, principles and features, which can be found in detail in the explanatory notes. Information can be found on the official websites of elementary school programs or publishing houses that produce this or that teaching material. Each program or training system has its own supervisor, as well as a team of authors working on the creation of the teaching materials. The educational and methodical set usually includes: textbooks, workbooks, visual and didactic aids, independent and control works, multimedia applications, methodical recommendations and lesson plans.

In addition, there are completed textbook subject lines , which are not included in the teaching materials of the previously listed primary school systems and programs, but are also included in the federal list of recommended textbooks.

In connection with the transition of educational institutions to the new Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES IEO), since the 2011/2012 academic year, all primary school educational programs have been finalized, textbooks have passed the State Expertise for compliance with the second generation FSES.
Essential feature of all educational programs for elementary school has become a focus on the formation of students universal training activities (UUD) as the basis of the ability to learn, to include children in educational activities in the study of all school subjects. The main principle of modernizing textbooks is to strengthen the orientation of educational material, ways of presenting it, teaching methods for the maximum inclusion of students in educational activities. Thus, all programs and training systems are aimed at achieving the educational results defined by the Federal State Educational Standard of the IEO and the implementation "Concepts of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia" .
Thus, there are no "bad" and "good" programs. All of them are approved by the Ministry of Education and are designed so that children by the end of primary school have received the level of knowledge provided for by the state standard, that is, the mandatory minimum. And the developing system of education is no better and no worse than the traditional one. Moreover, today almost all elementary school programs implement the ideas of developmental education. Tasks of increased complexity, which are associated only with developing systems, are included in all sets, but are not mandatory for mastering. In fact, each learning system is designed for a certain mindset, or, in other words, a way of perceiving and mentally processing information. And these processes are individual for each child. Authorship is manifested in the ways of presenting material, additional information, organization of educational activities.

Almost all copyright educational programs have both advantages (which are actively discussed) and disadvantages (information about which is less available). If a teacher has been trained, certified, interacts with methodologists and has access to manuals, the likelihood of obtaining a quality result is higher. The programs are designed so that in four years of study the child will receive all the basic knowledge. However, the material is presented and distributed over the years in a different sequence. In addition, some programs are overloaded with materials that children (and sometimes parents) understand and master with great difficulty. And the final examinations for the quarter and for the year all write the same. And here much depends on the teacher. It is good if the school maintains program continuity between primary and secondary levels, subject teachers work together. Otherwise, having studied four grades of primary school using non-standard textbooks, the child will move to the fifth grade on standard educational "rails" and lose interest in learning.

According to article 28 Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" "The competence of an educational organization in the established field of activity includes: ... determining the list of textbooks in accordance with the approved federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations engaged in educational activities, as well as teaching aids approved for use in the implementation of these educational programs by such organizations."
According to article article 47 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education in the Russian Federation" pedagogical workers have "the right to choose textbooks, teaching aids, materials and other means of education and upbringing in accordance with the educational program and in the manner prescribed by the legislation on education."

Thus, today primary school teachers can choose not only an educational program (system), but, first of all, textbooks that create a favorable and comfortable environment for learning, instilling in children a love of learning from the first days of their stay at school. At the same time, the teacher has the right to choose the teaching materials only in accordance with the approved basic educational program of primary general education of the educational institution. Choosing a program as a basis, the teacher follows it for all four years. In the same school, elementary grades can study according to different programs. At the same time, one of the classes most often studies according to the teaching materials "School of Russia". Today it is the most widespread educational system. In addition, a variant of an educational program is possible, consisting of completed subject lines of textbooks that are not included in certain systems and programs. The main condition for the choice is that the textbooks must be included in the "Federal List of Textbooks Recommended for Use in the Implementation of State-Accredited Educational Programs for Primary General, Basic General, Secondary General Education."

A bit of history...

According to Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 21, 2004 No. No. 93 primary general education included:
- the traditional system of education (programs "School of Russia", "Harmony", "School 2000...", "School 2100", "Primary School of the 21st Century", "Classical Primary School", "Perspective Primary School", "Planet of Knowledge");
- developing learning systems (the system of L.V. Zankov and the system of D.B. Elkonin-V.V. Davydov).
However, over time, the contradictions between the traditional and developmental education systems gradually softened, and at the present stage of development of primary education, all educational and methodological sets are guided by the thesis of the child's activity in the learning process, the development of his personality, his cognitive and creative capabilities. The division of textbooks into systems (traditional or developmental) and sets (programs) in the Federal lists of recommended (approved) textbooks was removed from the 2006/2007 academic year (though then this was mentioned in the additional information of publishers for each textbook), and from 2008/2009 academic year, such information was not included in the lists.

In the Federal list of textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in the educational process in educational institutions, for 2011/2012 academic year (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science Russia No. 2080 of December 24, 2010) in the section "Textbooks, the content of which corresponds to the federal state educational standard for primary general education", four systems of textbooks were identified:
- "Primary school of the XXI century"
- "Perspective"
- "School of Russia"
- "School 2100"
These systems (educational and methodological complexes - EMC) included completed subject lines of textbooks already in all subjects of primary general education: Russian language, literary reading, mathematics, computer science, the world around us, technology, music, fine arts, physical education, foreign language (English, German, French, Spanish), the foundations of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia (4-5 grades) . The peculiarity of the "system of textbooks" status was also the fact that each subject corresponded to only one completed subject line of textbooks.
The textbooks of the other programs listed above or completed subject lines are also included in the Federal List of Recommended (Admitted) Textbooks for the 2011/2012 academic year in the sections "Textbooks whose content corresponds to the federal state educational standard for primary general education" or "Textbooks whose content corresponds to the federal component of the state educational standard of general education".

In the Federal lists of textbooks recommended or approved for use in the educational process in educational institutions with state accreditation and implementing educational programs of general education, for 2012/2013 academic year(Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 2885 of December 27, 2011) the division of textbooks into systems (programs) was again absent. The textbooks belonging to the completed subject lines were grouped only in the subjects of primary general education.

Based on information posted on the official websites of publishers and software developers, and in accordance with the Federal List of Textbooks for 2013/2014 academic year(Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 1067 dated December 19, 2012), the following teaching materials could be distinguished:

- "School of Russia"
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