School guide. Primary school systems and programs Primary school program School of Russia - a classical general education program

Hello again, my dear readers. I continue to write my conclusions on educational topics, and today the Planet of Knowledge school program turned out to be under my close scrutiny. “Why are there so many of them?!” - you will be surprised. Yes, an awful lot. It seems that every candidate of pedagogical sciences hones his skills in writing individual guides for teachers and considers it his duty to implement them in life.

Unfortunately, only by trial and error can any preference be given. But having primary information about the basics of each of them, you can send the child on the path you want and more suitable for you, transferring to another teacher. There is still time, let's not waste it.

Lesson plan:

Whose idea?

The head of the team of authors of the Planet of Knowledge project, Irina Petrova, who has gone from a pioneer leader to a primary school teacher and head of the primary education department at the Ministry of the Russian Federation, united under her initiative honored teachers with a scientific degree. They tried to unite their author's achievements and experience of pedagogical activity in one concept.

Honored teachers T. Andrianova and V. Ilyukhina were entrusted to create materials on the Russian language for the 1st grade, Ph.D. L. Zheltovskaya for grades 2-4.
Literature for grades 1-4 was developed by the candidate of pedagogical sciences E.Katz.
The author of the "World around" for grades 3-4 was the candidate of historical sciences E. Saplin.
Mathematics for students in grades 1-4 was prepared with the participation of academician M. Bashmakov.
Creative kits were written by doctors of sciences: music - T. Baklanova, fine arts - N. Sokolnikova.
A textbook for learning English in grades 2-4 was developed by E. Nasonovskaya, N. Goryacheva, S. Larkina, who have a long experience in pedagogy.

What do the authors write?

Like any other training kit, the "Planet of Knowledge" was developed in accordance with (FSES) and consists of subject lines in the main areas, as well as the English language and the basics of religion and ethics.

in the training schemes used;
in the structure of textbooks;
in the forms of education;
in typical tasks;
in the organization of educational and extracurricular activities.

I also found the key word “himself” among the main characteristics of the educational program among the primary sources. "Planet of Knowledge" should help, and students should be able to:

self-develop;
self-regulate;
self-improvement;
self-organize.

The educational program offers to make a choice whether to study the subject within the boundaries of basic knowledge or expand your horizons. To do this, textbooks contain the so-called invariant part - a mandatory minimum, as well as a variable part - for the more inquisitive and strong, who want to increase their knowledge.

Teachers who have chosen the "Planet of Knowledge" believe that it provides an opportunity to develop creativity and thinking. The team of authors received high marks from teachers for their artistic taste when creating the training kit: the material contains color drawings, making the textbooks bright, like a work of art.

Well, in my opinion, very good. The development of independence, the creative component and the colorful presentation of the material are at a decent level. How are you?

What do parents think?

Even if we do not have pedagogical knowledge and are far from developing effective educational programs for learning, at the level of an ordinary user, you and I can and should also express our opinion. After all, no one else, like us, has to sort out homework with children and help prepare for school lessons. In such conditions, initially it should be simple and clear for the adult himself what and how to explain to the doubting child.

So, I began to look at the reviews of my parents and suddenly realized that the word “himself”, chosen as the goal of developing the program by the authors, plays a significant role, and far from being acceptable to everyone.

Unlike the classical one, within the framework of which it is possible to teach even children who do not know anything at the time they enter school, first-graders for classes in the program in question should already be able to count and write at least. If in the classics the acquisition of basic knowledge is based on a systematic study and repeated repetition of a topic in an educational institution, then the main amount of work in the Planet of Knowledge falls on homework and, accordingly, on the shoulders of parents. Are you ready for this?

Parents faced with education under the "planetary" program make the following claims to the developers:

there are a lot of blunders and typos, spelling, morphological and grammatical errors in educational materials;
there are no explanations and rules in textbooks, copybooks and workbooks, if you don’t remember from the time of school, you have to look for them additionally;
incorrect and incomprehensible tasks in mathematics;
a lot of incorrect information in the textbook "The world around us", the numbers and events do not correspond to reality;
in literature, priority is given to foreign works, Russian fairy tales and stories are given in an abridged version;
a large load at an accelerated pace of studying the material, jumps on topics.

Well, I feel like I'm ready for a load and could re-evaluate my personal evening routine to help my kids get started. In principle, it is no secret to anyone that the process of teaching kids in elementary school for any program requires labor from parents.

But I am ready to do this in order to get a result, and I do not agree at all to the detriment of my time, and sometimes my wallet, to look for and correct the mistakes of teachers. This does not smack of the development of independence, but of misleading and illiterate training. I would like the Planet of Knowledge team of authors to work fruitfully on this in the very near future.

Summing up

If you are determined to get ahead of the study of the material, taking on the load of educational work for independent homework, are able to understand and explain to your child tasks that are not always immediately understandable, some errors in textbook texts do not matter to you, but creativity and colorful presentation are more important information, then the "Planet of Knowledge" is a suitable option for choosing as an educational program in primary grades.
If you still do not have enough free time to devote to helping the student in the learning process, text errors strain your eyes, and you are not ready to look for additional material to solve the lessons every time, you should choose a different direction.

Weigh all the pros and cons, maybe “the devil is not so terrible as he is painted”?

Without fail, I look forward to everyone's comments: those who have the program “for you”, and who would like to stay “for you”. See you soon!

All the best!

Always yours, Evgenia Klimkovich.

This issue is especially acute for parents of future first-graders. Everyone wants not to harm either the child or themselves. A survey of acquaintances and the study of sites begins in the hope of finding an answer to the question of interest.

Parents face a choice educational program.

But whatever the program, a lot depends on the primary school teacher: teaching style, interest, responsibility, attitude towards children and work. It would probably be fair to say that in elementary school "you need to go to the teacher." So it’s worth learning more about the teachers who will recruit future first graders and.

Let's start by listing the existing programs for the 2017-2018 academic year in Russian schools:

It should also be noted that all curricula are developed in accordance with the CLE, which allows you to master the necessary minimum of knowledge (the invariant part of the textbooks) or that which is acceptable for the curious (the variable part).

Let's analyze the pros and cons of curriculums in elementary school:

OS "School 2100"

This program is continuous from kindergarten to 11th grade. Covers a large amount of material. The teacher directs and controls the search activity of students. The most difficult subjects are mathematics Kozlova S. A. and the world around Vakhrusheva A. A.
At the moment, the program is limited in the use of schools, since the textbooks were not included in the Federal List, that is, they did not pass the examination of the Ministry of Education.

Pros: students are trained to learn and acquire knowledge. They can easily find the information they need. They write a lot of essays and presentations, essays, have a broad outlook of knowledge.

Minuses: tasks are feasible for mastering middle and high level students, requires control and help from parents. Another disadvantage is that not all middle and high school teachers are ready to continue their education in the 5th grade.

first of all, parents of future first-graders need to focus on the level of development of their child;
take seriously the choice of a primary school teacher, because a competent, experienced teacher will make any program interesting and useful, and the child will definitely learn it;
it is also necessary to remember that the success of education depends not only on the teacher, but also on the desire of parents to participate in the life of the student himself, to spend their time and energy.

ATTENTION! Actual article Program "Planet of Knowledge" (FSES LEO 2009)

"Planet of Knowledge" - This is a teaching kit for a 4-year elementary school.
The group of authors who created it can rightly be called a teacher's team. The most valuable experience of the scientific and practical activities of the team of authors is embodied in the EMC "Planet of Knowledge".

EMC "Planet of Knowledge" consists of textbooks, workbooks, didactic and methodological aids in all major subjects for all grades of primary school:
- Teaching literacy and reading.
Primer. Andrianova T.M.
- Russian language. The authors: Andrianova T.M. and Ilyukhin V.A. (1 class); Zheltovskaya L.Ya. (grade 2-4)
- Literary reading. Katz E.E.
- Maths. The authors: Bashmakov M.I., Nefedova M.G.
- The world. The authors: Potapov I.V., Ivchenkova G.G. (grade 1-2); Potapov I.V., Ivchenkova G.G., Saplin E.V., Saplin A.I. (grade 3-4)
- English language(grades 2-4). The authors: Goryacheva N.Yu., Larkina S.V., Nasonovskaya E.V.
- Music. Baklanova T.I.
- Art(grades 1-2). The authors: Sokolnikova N.M., Lomov S.P.
- Technology(1 class). The authors: Uzorova O.V., Nefedova E.A.

All textbooks are included in the Federal list of textbooks recommended (approved) by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the 2010-2011 academic year.

The subject content and structure of the presented teaching materials "Planet of Knowledge" meet the requirements of the new State Standard for Primary General Education, are based on the Concept of the content of continuing education (preschool and primary), modern pedagogical technologies, and the general concept of the educational and methodological set itself.

An organic part of the concept of the EMC "Planet of Knowledge" is subject author's concepts, which take into account modern scientific achievements in the subject area of knowledge and the result of many years of pedagogical practice.

Main Feature of this set lies in its integrity - in the unity of the structure of textbooks, in the unity of the forms of the educational process, in the unity of the educational schemes used, in the unity of through lines of standard tasks, in the unity of approaches to the organization of educational and extracurricular activities.

The content of each textbook is divided into three to five major sections. Each section begins with a special turn - a route where the content, logic and stages of studying the material are presented by visual means, which allows students to present the sequence of presentation of educational topics and form an understanding of the plan for their study. Each lesson is divided into invariant and variable parts. Each section of the textbook ends with a test work, training tasks and project activities.
This structure of textbooks and workbooks makes it possible to organize a differentiated approach to learning. The team of authors proceeded from the fact that a differentiated approach to learning is, first of all, taking into account the individual pace of development of the child and building his personal trajectory of movement in the educational space.

The subject content, methods and organization of the entire educational process are focused on the child as a subject of a new educational activity for him. They provide the child with conditions for the development and formation of learning skills that will prepare him for further education and self-education.

The content of the educational subjects of the EMC is focused on stimulating and supporting the emotional, spiritual, moral and intellectual development and self-development of the child; to create conditions for the manifestation of independence, initiative, creative abilities of the child in various activities. At the same time, the importance of children's assimilation of knowledge and mastery of skills and abilities as a means of development remains, but they are not considered as an end in itself of primary education.

Strengthened in subjects humanitarianorientation and its impact on the emotional and socio-personal development of the child.

The WCU presents content that helps the child to maintain and recreate the integrity of the picture of the world, provides him with an awareness of the various connections between objects and phenomena and, at the same time, forms the ability to see the same object from different angles.

The WMC has created conditions for the most complete (taking into account age) acquaintance with the achievements and development of the culture of modern society and the formation of various cognitive interests.

All the structural components of the "Planet of Knowledge" kit make it possible, first of all, to form in students such general educational skills and abilities how: the ability to solve creative problems at the level of combinations and improvisations; work with educational, artistic and popular science texts; master the initial skills of searching for the necessary information; independently establish a sequence of actions to solve a learning problem; determine ways to monitor and evaluate activities; determine the causes of emerging difficulties and ways to eliminate them; the ability to negotiate, distribute work, evaluate the overall result of activities and their contribution to it.

You often hear: “We are studying according to Vinogradova ...”, “And we have a Perspective”. Unfortunately, most parents can only name the author of the curriculum, others will say “we were praised for it”, others, perhaps, will talk about specific pros and cons. But in general, the average parent hardly understands how all these programs differ. And no wonder. It is really difficult to get through the scientific style and terminology of pedagogical texts. Parents whose children are going to first grade this year are puzzled by the question of whether their children will start the educational path in a traditional program or in a developmental one? Indeed, it is important to choose the right school and program of study, since it is studying in primary school that determines the subsequent attitude of the child to the educational process. So what are traditional and developmental programs, what are their pros and cons, how do they differ from each other?

So let's get together and try to understand.

First, there is a pedagogical system and a pedagogical program.

There are only 2 systems: developing and traditional (see Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of October 21, 2004 N 93). Traditional programs include: "School of Russia", "Primary School of the XXI century", "School 2100", "Harmony", "Perspective Primary School", "Classical Primary School", "Planet of Knowledge", "Perspective" and others.

Two programs belong to developing systems: L.V. Zankov and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov.

There are much more programs. In addition to those officially recognized by the Federal State Educational Standards, there are many experimental systems, as well as copyright, intra-school ones.

There is a federal list of textbooks, according to which the school can choose the teaching materials. If textbooks are not included in the FP, the school does not have the right to teach from them. The list changes every year. If the textbook is deleted from the FP, the school moves from grade 1 to others, and the rest of the children are taught according to these textbooks to grade 4.

Education systems

All approved systems and programs meet the main requirement: they allow the student to acquire the required minimum of knowledge. Authorship is manifested in the ways of presenting material, additional information, organization of educational activities.

Each system and program has its own author. But this does not mean that all textbooks in all subjects were written by him alone. Of course, a whole team worked on compiling the UMK (Educational and Methodological Kit)! Therefore, the names on the textbooks of your children, of course, will be different. But, despite the "collective creativity", all textbooks within the same program have the same:

Purpose (i.e. the result that should be obtained, the qualities that graduates who have studied in a particular program should eventually have)
Tasks (i.e. those steps by which the goal is achieved)
Principles (i.e. features of the organization of training, presentation of material, choice of methods that distinguish one program from another).
Content (in fact, the very educational material that the child will learn in the learning process. For example, the content of education in philology, mathematics, social science and natural science. In this part of the program, they differ in that some are limited to the state standard minimum, others include various additional knowledge, concepts, literature, as well as the order of presentation of educational material, which is inextricably linked with the principles.)

There are no bad or good programs. All programs considered in the article are approved by the Ministry of Education. And the developing system is no better and no worse than the traditional one. In fact, each system is designed for a certain mindset, or, in other words, a way of perceiving and mentally processing information. And these processes are individual for each child. Like metabolism, or let's say hair color. Therefore, in the description of each program, we have introduced the section “Features that will allow the child to successfully study in this program”, where we will describe the qualities that it is desirable for a child to have in order to show high results without overstraining.

Different classes of the same school may study in different programs, especially where the choice of the program is made by the teachers themselves. And it's even good. Different programs and systems require different initial knowledge and skills from children, and it also largely depends on the personal qualities of the teacher whether he will be able to implement the program in full. Therefore, the teacher chooses a program that will allow him to work in the current situation with this particular team.

Primary school educational programs

The learning process in elementary school is built according to the educational program developed by educational methodologists and adopted for a given school or a separate class. The programs approved by the Federal State Educational Standard for the 2019-20 academic year, in accordance with the federal list of textbooks, are:

Program "Perspective Primary School" (Akademkniga publishing house);

Program "Planet of Knowledge" (ed. Astrel);

Program "Perspective" (ed. Education);

Program "School of Russia" (ed. Prosveshchenie);

Program on the system of developing education by D. B. Elkonin-V. V. Davydov (ed. Vita-press);

Program "Primary School 21st Century" (Vinogradova system, Rudnitskaya - mathematics, publishing house Ventana-Count);

The program "Rhythm" (Ramzaeva - Russian, Muravin - mathematics, published by Drofa)

Program "School 2000" in Mathematics (Peterson, ed. Binom. Knowledge Lab)

Program "Spheres" (Ed. "Enlightenment")

Primary innovative school (Russian Word Publishing House)

Harmony (Publishing house "Association 21st century")

Program for children with disabilities.

The general development program of L.V. Zankov, School 2100 at the time of 2019 is not included in the FP, but since the list changes every year, they may also be included, so we will also talk about them.

According to articles 32 and 55 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", an elementary school teacher has the right to choose a system only in accordance with the educational program that is approved in the educational institution. Choosing a program as a basis, the teacher follows it for all four years.

"School of Russia" (Pleshakov)

This is the elementary school kit that we all used to study in Soviet times, with some changes.

Purpose: education of schoolchildren as citizens of Russia.
Tasks. The main purpose of elementary school, according to the authors, is educational. Hence the tasks:

development in a child of human qualities that meet the ideas of true humanity: kindness, tolerance, responsibility, ability to empathize, readiness to help another
teaching a child conscious reading, writing and counting, correct speech, instilling certain labor and health-saving skills, teaching the basics of safe life
formation of natural motivation for learning

Principles: fundamentality, reliability, stability, openness to new things.

Problem-search approach. It provides for the creation of problem situations, making assumptions, searching for evidence, formulating conclusions, comparing results with a standard.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study in this program: No special qualities are required from the child. Of course, the more abilities developed in a child, the better. For example, the ability to self-esteem, willingness to work in problem situations is useful. But according to this program, even the most unprepared children for school study well.

The elementary school program "School of Russia" is considered traditional, most children master it without any problems.

Expert opinion

“I have been working at a school with children for many years according to the traditional program “School of Russia,” says Tatyana Mikhailovna Bobko, a primary school teacher at secondary school No. 549 in Moscow. “Our parents studied under this program, as did I, and my children. All grew up quite educated people.

I think that this program is needed, it was, is and will always be. The traditional program allows you to carefully practice the skills of learning activities (reading, writing, counting) that are necessary for successful education in high school. In recent years, interesting educational kits have been published that meet modern educational requirements (mathematics - author M.I. Moro, Russian language - author T.K. Ramzaeva), which are aimed at developing the cognitive abilities of the student.

Our opinion: good consistent and not very complicated mathematics, a logically constructed program in the Russian language, but a lot of "water" on the subject of the world around.

"Perspective"

Scientific adviser, Doctor of Pedagogy, Director of the Center for System-Activity Pedagogy "School 2000" of the AIC and PPRO, laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education L.G. Peterson. By the way, her personal textbooks are not included in this teaching materials.

The purpose of the implementation of the educational program "Perspective" is to create conditions for the development and education of the personality of a younger student in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education.

The objectives of the implementation of the educational program "Perspective":

The ideological basis of the UMC "Perspektiva" is the "Concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia", aimed at forming in the younger generation a system of values of humanism, creation, self-development, morality as the basis for successful self-realization of the student in life and work and as a condition for security and prosperity countries.

The methodological basis is a set of modern methods and techniques of training and education implemented in the Perspektiva UMC (project activities, work with information, the world of activity, etc.)

All textbooks of the "Perspektiva" system are included in the Federal lists of textbooks recommended or approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in the educational process in educational institutions.

Mathematics Dorofeev, Mirakova, Buka.

English language "English in focus" ("Spotlight"). Authors: Bykova N.I., Dooley D., Pospelova M.D., Evans V.

The educational and methodological complex of textbooks "Perspektiva" was created by a team of scientists and teachers of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Academy of Education, the Federal Institute for the Development of Education in close cooperation with the Prosveshchenie publishing house.

The program does not have an official website, there is a website of the publishing house old.prosv.ru/umk/perspektiva

Parent feedback:

The program is too simple, weak mathematics, little time is devoted to writing. At the school of the future first grader, they studied according to Peterson, the child learned more than in the entire first grade according to "Perspective". But it is perfect for children with whom they did not really study before school. All topics are long "chewed" by the teacher. Homework is easily done without the participation of parents, except for the outside world. According to him, reports or presentations are systematically set, which the child cannot perform on his own, I have to do everything.

Our opinion: the material in the textbooks of mathematics and the Russian language is presented inconsistently. They “chew” simple topics for a long time, after which complex tasks are given on a completely different topic without first studying the algorithm for solving them. There is a lot of "water" around the world. In the textbook, craft technologies are not verified by the authors, step-by-step instructions and templates often do not correspond to reality.

Promising Elementary School

The Standard is based on a system-activity approach.

The main tasks of primary general education: the development of the student's personality, his creative abilities, interest in learning, the formation of the desire and ability to learn; education of moral and aesthetic feelings, emotional and valuable positive attitude towards oneself and others. The solution to these problems is possible if we proceed from a humanistic conviction based on the data of educational psychology: all children are able to successfully study in primary school, if the necessary conditions are created for them. And one of these conditions is a personality-oriented approach to the child based on his life experience.

The proposed educational and methodological package "Perspective Primary School" proceeds from the fact that the EXPERIENCE of the child is not only his age, but also the image of the world, which is determined by his rootedness in the natural-subject environment. The experience of the child (the addressee of the EMC), which is important to take into account, is not only the experience of urban life with a developed infrastructure, various sources of information, but also the experience of rural life - with a natural rhythm of life, maintaining a holistic picture of the world, remoteness from large cultural objects.

A junior schoolboy living in a village should feel that the world that surrounds him is taken into account by the authors of the teaching materials, that each manual of this set is addressed to him personally.

The main idea of the EMC "Promising Primary School" is the optimal development of each child on the basis of pedagogical support for his individuality (age, abilities, interests, inclinations, development) in the conditions of specially organized educational activities, where the student acts either as a student, or as a teacher, then in the role of the organizer of the educational situation.

Basic principles of the concept of "promising elementary school"

The principle of continuous general development of each child presupposes the orientation of the content of primary education towards the emotional, spiritual, moral and intellectual development and self-development of each child. It is necessary to create such learning conditions that will provide a “chance” for each child to show independence and initiative in various types of educational or club activities.
The principle of the integrity of the picture of the world involves the selection of such content of education that will help the student to maintain and recreate the integrity of the picture of the world, will ensure the child's awareness of the various connections between its objects and phenomena. One of the main ways to implement this principle is to take into account interdisciplinary connections and develop integrated courses in the Russian language and literary reading, the world around us and technology.
The principle of taking into account the individual capabilities and abilities of schoolchildren is focused on the constant pedagogical support of all students (including those who, for one reason or another, cannot master all the presented content of education). Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a multi-level representation of knowledge during all the years of primary education. Fulfillment of this requirement became possible in the context of the introduction of the Federal component of the state standard of general education. The standard provides every child with the opportunity to master the entire content of education at the level of the mandatory minimum. At the same time, “Requirements for the level of preparation of students graduating from primary school” are defined, which fix a satisfactory level of education.
Principles of strength and visibility. These principles, on which the traditional school has been based for centuries, implement the leading idea of the educational and methodological set: THROUGH consideration of the PARTICULAR (concrete observation) to understanding the GENERAL (comprehension of the pattern), from the GENERAL, i.e. from the comprehended pattern, to the PARTICULAR, i.e. to the method of solving a specific educational problem. The very reproduction of this two-stage nature, its transformation into a mechanism of learning activity under the conditions of OBSERVATION training is the basis for the implementation of the principle of STRENGTH. The principle of strength presupposes a rigidly thought-out system of repetition, i.e., repeated return to the material already covered. However, the implementation of this provision on the basis of the constant development of the student leads to a fundamentally new special structure of textbooks for teaching materials.
The implementation of the principles of strength and developmental learning requires a well-thought-out mechanism that meets the leading idea: each next return to the particular is productive only if the stage of generalization has been passed, which gave schoolchildren the tool for the next return to the particular.
For example, algorithms for subtraction, addition, multiplication, division by a column are first “opened” by schoolchildren based on the corresponding actions with numbers in a row. Then they are formulated as patterns and, finally, used as mechanisms for the corresponding mathematical operations. In the "World around": from a variety of animals (plants), for one reason or another, separate groups are distinguished, then each newly studied animal (plant) is correlated with known groups. In “Literary Reading”: one or another literary genre is singled out, and then, when reading each new text, its belonging to one of the genres of literature is determined, etc.
The principle of protecting and strengthening the mental and physical health of children. The implementation of this principle is associated with the formation of habits for cleanliness, order, accuracy, observance of the daily routine, and the creation of conditions for the active participation of children in recreational activities (morning exercises, dynamic pauses during classes at school, nature excursions, etc.).

The practical implementation of the principles of DEVELOPING EDUCATION and the principles of STRENGTH and VISIBILITY becomes possible through a methodological system, which is a unity of typical properties inherent in both the methodology of teaching literacy, the Russian language, literary reading, mathematics, and all other subjects. These typical properties, in turn, determine the special structure of the textbook, which is the same for the entire set.

The distinctive features of the teaching materials should also include the maximum placement of the methodological apparatus, including organizational forms of work, in the body of the textbook itself; the use of a unified system of symbols throughout the teaching materials; a system of cross-references between textbooks; the use of single cross-cutting heroes (brother and sister); step-by-step introduction of terminology and its motivated use.

The main methodological features of the teaching materials:

The teaching materials for each subject, as a rule, include a textbook, an anthology, a notebook for independent work, a methodological guide for a teacher (methodist).

Each methodological manual consists of two parts: a theoretical one, which can be used by a teacher as a theoretical basis for improving his qualifications, and directly lesson-thematic planning, where the course of each lesson is outlined, its goals and objectives are formulated, and it also contains ideas for answers to ALL given in textbook questions.

Publisher's website about the program akademkniga.ru/projects/prospective-primary-school

Our opinion: a simple, quite logically constructed program, but according to the Russian language, some rules contradict what children will learn in the 5th grade.

Elkonin-Davydov education system

The educational system of D. B. Elkonin-V.V. Davydov has more than 40 years of history of existence: first in the form of developments and experiments, and in 1996, by the decision of the Board of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the educational system of Elkonin-Davydov was recognized as one of the state systems.

Purpose: formation of a system of scientific concepts, educational independence and initiative. Developing in a child the ability to think unusually and deeply

to form in elementary school graduates the ability to reflect, which at primary school age reveals itself through:
knowledge of one's ignorance, the ability to distinguish between the known and the unknown;
the ability to indicate in an underdetermined situation what knowledge and skills are not enough for successful action;
the ability to consider and evaluate one's own thoughts and actions "from the outside", not considering one's own point of view as the only possible one;
the ability to critically, but not categorically evaluate the thoughts and actions of other people, referring to their reasons.
develop the ability for meaningful analysis and meaningful planning.

The formation of these abilities is detected if:

students can identify a system of tasks of one class that have a single principle of their construction, but differ in external features of the conditions (meaningful analysis);
students can mentally build a chain of actions, and then perform them smoothly and accurately.
develop the student's creativity and imagination.

Principles:

The main principle of this system is to teach children to acquire knowledge, to search for it on their own, and not to memorize school truths.

The subject of assimilation are general methods of action - methods of solving a class of problems. They begin the development of the subject. In the following, the general method of action is concretized in relation to particular cases. The program is arranged in such a way that in each subsequent section the already mastered method of action is concretized and developed.

Mastering the general method begins with a subject-practical action.

Student work is built as a search and trial of means for solving a problem. Therefore, the student's judgment, which differs from the generally accepted one, is considered not as a mistake, but as a test of thought.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study in this program: the same as those described for the Zankov program. Exception: It is unlikely that you will have to work at a fast pace. Rather, thoroughness, attention to detail, the ability to generalize are useful.

The elementary school program according to the system of developmental education of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov is suitable for those who want to develop in a child not so much the ability to analyze, but the ability to think unusually, deeply.

In the Elkonin-Davydov system, however, the lack of marks can scare away. But experts assure that everything is under control: teachers communicate all the necessary recommendations and wishes to parents and collect a kind of portfolio of students' creative works. It also serves as a performance indicator instead of the usual diary. In the Elkonin-Davydov system, the emphasis is not on the result - the acquired knowledge, but on the ways to comprehend them. In other words, the student may not remember something, but he must know where and how, if necessary, to fill this gap.

Another feature of the Elkonin-Davydov program is that elementary school students learn not only that twice two is four, but also why exactly four, and not seven, eight, nine or twelve. In the class, the principles of building a language, the origin and structure of numbers, etc. are studied. Knowledge of the rules based on an understanding of their causes, of course, is kept in the head more firmly. And yet, whether it is necessary to immerse children in these jungles from an early age is, perhaps, a moot point.

The authors of the system placed great emphasis on teamwork and the development of communication skills: children conduct their mini-research in groups of 5-7 people, and then, under the guidance of a teacher, discuss the results and come to a common conclusion.

But it would be unfair to say that these same skills are not trained in the other systems mentioned.

Developmental training according to the system of D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov

A special place is given to theoretical knowledge and the logical side of learning. The level of subjects taught is extremely difficult. The Elkonin-Davydov education system assumes the formation of a large set of skills in primary school graduates. The child must learn to look for missing information when faced with a new task, to test their own hypotheses. Moreover, the system assumes that the younger student will independently organize interaction with the teacher and other students, analyze and critically evaluate their own actions and partners' points of view.

Parents' opinions about the Elkonin-Davydov program:

"We went to first grade in 2010, we chose the developmental methodology of Elkonin-Davydov. It's probably too early to talk about the results, but the fact that the program is very serious and you have to work with the child all the time is a fact. The main emphasis, it seems to me, is on mathematics. Although I have a very intelligent boy, some things need to be explained several times. In principle, we were ready for this, so we are working on ourselves, so to speak. Whoever wants to choose this program needs to be ready to do a lot with the child. "

Program "Planet of Knowledge"

The first set of textbooks and programs for elementary school, which fully implemented the state standard - "Planet of Knowledge". Among the authors are 4 honored teachers of Russia.

Expert opinion

- The program is interesting, - comments the teacher of the primary classes of the secondary school No. 353 named after.

A.S. Pushkin, Moscow Natalya Vladimirovna Chernosvitova. - A variety of texts on the Russian language and reading are perfectly selected. In addition to good reading texts, there are interesting questions that develop tasks. The child must come up with a fairy tale, think up the text, make a drawing. Mathematics is interesting in that each task leads the student to the answer on his own. Not like in the standard program: the teacher explained - the student fulfilled. Here is a different approach. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that there is a soft transition from the Planet of Knowledge to the traditional program. For fourth grade students, we introduce tasks from the fifth grade, so, in my opinion, this program has some advantages. As for reading, everyone says in unison: "Children read well."

I note that ahead of the standard program, the "Planet of Knowledge" does not overload students. If we take everyone's favorite mathematics according to L.G. Peterson, it requires a physical and intellectual approach. To study under the "Program 2100" or "Harmony", the child must be already prepared. According to the "Planet of Knowledge" you can teach any children with kindergarten training, including at toddler age. Studying under this program, children are noticeably different from those who study under the classical one. These kids are creative. There is only one minus in this program - the teacher, who has worked for many years according to the traditional program, must be reorganized. Although special courses are held for such teachers in the Central District.

"Primary school of the 21st century" (Vinogradova)

Purpose: organizing the educational activities of younger students in such a way as to provide comfortable conditions for the development of the child in the process of mastering knowledge, skills and abilities.

the formation of the main components of learning activity (if we discuss the position of a student, then this is the answer to the questions “why am I studying”, “what should I do to solve this learning task”, “how do I complete the learning task and how do I do it”, “ what are my successes and what am I not succeeding in?”
organization of the educational process in such a way as to ensure a situation of success for each student and the opportunity to learn at an individual pace.

Principles: the main principle of education is that the elementary school should be nature-friendly, that is, meet the needs of children of this age (in cognition, communication, various productive activities), take into account the typological and individual characteristics of their cognitive activity and the level of socialization. A schoolchild is not just a “spectator”, “listener”, but a “researcher”.

Content: in accordance with the main principle (conformity to nature), the authors paid special attention to the implementation of the function of "soft" adaptation of children to new activities. A system has been developed for using role-playing in teaching, which makes it possible to develop various facets of role-playing behavior, and hence the imagination and creativity of the student. All textbooks provide additional educational content, giving everyone the opportunity to work in accordance with their abilities (for example, introducing interesting texts into the textbook from the very beginning of learning on the material of the full alphabet for well-read children).

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: based on the principles, it can be assumed that under this program it will be comfortable for children who need soft adaptation to everything new for them, whether it be a team or type of activity. All courses have a long preparatory period.

The program "Primary School of the 21st Century" (edited by Prof. N.F. Vinogradova) is one of the most popular today. This is largely due to the fact that the team of authors of the project was awarded, perhaps, the highest award in the field of education - the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation. Today, under the program "Primary School of the 21st Century", schoolchildren from most subjects of the Russian Federation study.

One of the main differences between the program "Primary School of the 21st Century" and other projects in primary school is the construction of a system of pedagogical diagnostics purposefully from grades 1 to 4.

This diagnostic does not replace, but complements psychological diagnostics, since it has other tasks and goals. Pedagogical diagnostics makes it possible already at the initial stage to determine the readiness of the student to study at school. And then - to see how firmly the knowledge and skills are mastered; whether there really were changes in the development of this or that child, or were they rather superficial; what should the teacher's efforts be directed at - does the class need a detailed repetition of the material already covered or can it move on.

Pedagogical diagnostics checks not only and not so much knowledge as the process of solving a particular educational problem, the way a student acts. In this context, such diagnostics has undoubted advantages over conventional verification work. Among other things, during it, students feel freer, since they are not given grades for it. If this diagnosis is carried out regularly throughout all four years of elementary school, one can clearly observe the dynamics of the progress of students and come to their aid in time, if necessary.

The program "Primary School of the 21st Century" implements the basic principle of education: an elementary school should be nature-friendly, that is, meet the needs of children of this age (in cognition, communication, various productive activities), take into account the typological and individual characteristics of their cognitive activity and the level of socialization.

Parents' opinions about the program "Primary School of the 21st Century"

“We finished studying under the Vinogradova program. At first, we waited a long time for the children to really start studying. By the second grade, we realized that she was not so easy. She also has some disadvantages: a large number of notebooks that they do not have time to complete. Well, we , who studied under Soviet programs, do not like everything in the current education, so we find fault with the little things."

The educational-methodical set "Primary school of the XXI century" (under the editorship of N. Vinogradova) is aimed at ensuring the "soft" adaptation of children to the new conditions of school life for them.

Expert opinion

“I have been working on this program for the third year, I like it very much,” says Irina Vladimirovna Tyabirdina, a primary school teacher at the secondary school No. 549 in Moscow. - Frankly, the material is designed for strong erudite children. With what baggage of knowledge a student will go to secondary school depends on the primary school teacher. Therefore, the main goal is to teach the child to learn. It is also important that Vinogradova's kit implements the child's right to their individuality: children are placed in conditions where they can independently acquire knowledge, apply it, think, fantasize, play (special notebooks "Learning to think and fantasize", "Learning to know the world around" are provided).

School 2000 (Peterson)

A program tested back in the 90s, which was excluded from the FP, and literally recently included again. Textbooks of mathematics L.G. Peterson. Old, proven, consistent. But the program is quite complicated compared to the rest. It gives a great start to children with a mathematical mindset. But for weak children it is categorically not suitable.

In the first grade, the emphasis is on logic, from the second grade, equations with unknowns are already being studied, by the fourth grade, children click complex equations like nuts and solve examples with any multi-valued numbers and any number of actions, as well as freely operate with fractions.

A huge plus - textbooks consistently from grades 1 to 11 (and, if desired, there are even for preschoolers).

The program is aimed primarily at the development and improvement of the traditional content of education.
Purpose: to ensure the natural and effective integration of the child into society.
Tasks:

create readiness for productive work
to form a readiness for further education and, more broadly, for lifelong education in general.
to cultivate a natural-scientific and general humanitarian outlook.
provide a certain level of general cultural development. An example is the formation (cultivation) of a schoolchild of the skills of an adequate artistic perception of at least literature
to form certain personal properties that ensure its successful socio-psychological adaptation in society, successful social activity and successful social and personal development
provide maximum opportunities for the formation of a student's attitude to creative activity and skills of creative activity
to form knowledge, attitudes and basic skills of pedagogical activity.

Principles.

The principle of adaptability. The school seeks, on the one hand, to adapt as much as possible to students with their individual characteristics, on the other hand, to respond as flexibly as possible to sociocultural changes in the environment.

development principle. The main task of the school is the development of the student, and first of all - the holistic development of his personality and the readiness of the personality for further development.

The principle of psychological comfort. This includes, firstly, the removal of all stress-forming factors of the educational process. Secondly, this principle involves the creation in the educational process of a relaxed, stimulating creative activity of the student.

The principle of the image of the world. The student's idea of the objective and social world should be unified and holistic. As a result of the teaching, he should develop a kind of scheme of the world order, the universe, in which specific, subject knowledge takes its specific place.

The principle of the integrity of the content of education. In other words, all "objects" are interconnected.

The principle of systematicity. Education should be systematic, consistent with the laws of personal and intellectual development of the child and adolescent, and be included in the general system of continuous education.

The principle of semantic attitude to the world. The image of the world for a child is not abstract, cold knowledge about it. This is not knowledge for me, but this is my knowledge. This is not the world around me: this is the world of which I am a part and which I somehow experience and comprehend for myself.

The principle of the orienting function of knowledge. The task of general education is to help the student form an orientation base, which he can and should use in various types of his cognitive and productive activities.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: Since the program, as conceived by the authors, has something in common with the Elkonin-Davydov system, all the qualities that were described below will come in handy. But since this is still a traditional program designed for the "average student", almost any child will be able to successfully learn from it.

The School 2000 program is designed to teach a child to study independently, organize their activities, acquire the necessary knowledge, analyze it, systematize and apply it in practice, set goals and achieve them, adequately evaluate their activities.

Three cardinal and fundamental positions of the School 2000 program:

Consistency. Children from the age of 3 until graduation from school study according to a holistic educational system that helps the child to reveal his abilities as much as possible, in an accessible language gives the student answers to the most important questions: “Why study?”, “What to study?”, “How to study?”, teaches you how to use your knowledge and skills effectively. All textbooks and teaching aids are based on common approaches to content, retain methodological, didactic, psychological and methodological unity, they use the same basic educational technologies, which, without changing in essence, are transformed at each stage of education.

Continuity. "School 2000" is a set of subject courses from pre-school education to high school. Continuity is understood as the presence of a consistent chain of learning tasks throughout education, passing into each other and ensuring constant, objective and subjective advancement of students in each of the successive time periods.

Continuity. Continuity is understood as continuity at the boundaries of various stages or forms of education: kindergarten - elementary school - basic school - high school - university - postgraduate education, that is, ultimately, a single organization of these stages or forms within the framework of an integral education system.

The educational system "School 2000" gives students knowledge in accordance with the federal state educational standard. But according to its developers, it is not the knowledge itself that is more important, but the ability to use it.

Official site www.sch2000.ru

Peterson has strong, logical, consistent mathematics. If you are studying in Perspective or Planet of Knowledge, we strongly recommend that you additionally study Peterson with your child.

Spheres

A huge advantage of this program over many others is the continuity of education from grades 1 to 11.

Tutorials:

Primer Bondarenko

Mathematics Mirakov, Pchelintsev, Razumovsky

English Alekseev, Smirnova

Literary reading Kudin, Novlyanskaya

Russian language Zelenina, Khokhlova

Primary innovative school

Also absolutely new textbooks, untested program. Publishing house Russian word

Mathematics Geidman B.P., Misharina I.E., Zvereva E.A.

Russian language Kibireva L.V., Kleinfeld O.A., Melikhova G.I.

The world around us Romanova N.E., Samkova V.A.

"Harmony" edited by N. B. Istomina

This system correlates with the main ideas of developmental education and, in particular, with the Zankov system, in which Natalya Borisovna Istomina herself worked for a very long time.

Purpose: multilateral development of the child, comfortable learning, prepares the child's mental apparatus for further learning. Overcoming the differences between traditional and developmental learning patterns.

Tasks: to ensure that the child understands the issues being studied, to create conditions for harmonious relations between the teacher and the student and children with each other, to create situations for each student to succeed in cognitive activity.

Principles: organization of educational activities of students associated with the formulation of an educational task, with its solution, self-control and self-assessment; organization of productive communication, which is a necessary condition for the formation of educational activities; the formation of concepts that provide, at a level accessible to primary school age, awareness of cause-and-effect relationships, patterns and dependencies.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: the requirements for the features of the child's thought process follow from the connection with the Zankov system declared by the author. But like any traditional system, this program softens the requirements imposed on the student by the Zankov program.

The program "Harmony" The program of education in the primary school "Harmony" correlates with the main ideas of developmental education, and in particular, with the Zankov system.

The purpose of the program "Harmony" is the multilateral development of the child, comfortable learning, prepares the child's mental apparatus for further education. In the process of implementing the Harmony program, the child’s understanding of the issues being studied is ensured, conditions are created for harmonious relations between the teacher and the student and children with each other, situations of success in cognitive activity are created for each student.

Many parents and teachers note the very good presentation of the Russian language and literature course. Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: the requirements for the features of the child's thought process follow from the connection with the Zankov system declared by the author. But like any traditional system, this program softens the requirements imposed on the student by the Zankov program.

Educational and methodical set "Harmony" (under the editorship of N.B. Istomin (mathematics), M.S. Soloveichik and N.S. Kuzmenko (Russian), O.V. Kubasov (literary reading), O.T. Poglazova (the world around), N.M. Konysheva (labor training)) is successfully practiced in many schools. The methodological equipment of the "Harmony" set has been experimentally tested on different scales: at the level of diploma studies, which were supervised by the authors of the subject sets, at the level of candidate and doctoral studies, and at the level of mass testing in the practice of schools.

Opinion of a speech therapist

Due to socio-pedagogical neglect, 80% of children with speech disorders of various types go to the first grade. “The problem is also the lack of time that parents devote to activities with their children.”

Educational and methodical set in mathematics for a four-year elementary school N.B. Istomin was awarded the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of education for 1999.

According to experts, the main idea of the program is the comprehensive development of the child, the preservation and strengthening of physical and mental health, the development of the intellectual, creative, emotional, moral and volitional spheres of the individual. Much attention is paid to creating conditions for the child to understand the issues being studied, for harmonious relations between the teacher and the student, and children with each other.

Expert opinion

“I have been working with children for the second year under the Harmony program,” comments Elena Borisovna Ivanova-Borodacheva, an elementary school teacher at school No. 549 in Moscow. “My children and I really like this program. I think that all the material in the kit is well adapted for schoolchildren. Pros: firstly, there is advanced training. Secondly, the textbooks included in the kit contain a methodological part, with the help of which parents can study and explain the missed topic to their child. The program uses new learning technologies that allow you to develop the child's ability to think logically. For example, in a word where the student does not know what letter to write, he puts a “window” (author Soloveychik M.S.). Further, the child, together with the teacher, analyzes the questions that have arisen, remembers the rules and fills in the “window”. It is also noteworthy that the set offers tasks designed for children of different levels of preparedness. But there are also disadvantages: in mathematics (by Istomina N.B.), problem solving begins only in the second grade, and tests are offered the same for all classes. Now the issue of the content of examinations, their compliance with programs and training systems is being resolved.

"School 2100"

The educational system "School 2100" is one of the programs for the development of general secondary education. Scientific director of the program from 1990 to August 2004 - Academician of the Russian Academy of Education A. A. Leontiev, since September 2004 - Academician of the Russian Academy of Education D.I. Feldstein.

The main advantage of the School 2100 educational and methodological package lies in the deep continuity and continuity of education. Under this program, children can study from preschool age to the end of a general education school (mainly in the direction of Russian language and literature).

All textbooks of the program are built taking into account the psychological specifics of age. A characteristic feature of this educational program is the principle of "minimax": educational material is offered to students to the maximum, and the student must learn the material according to the minimum standard. Thus, each child has the opportunity to take as much as he can.

Firstly, it would be a system of developing education that prepares a new type of student - internally free, loving and able to relate creatively to reality, to other people, able not only to solve the old, but also to pose a new problem, able to make an informed choice and make independent decisions. ;

Secondly, it would be accessible to a mass school, would not require teachers to retrain anew;

Thirdly, it would be developed precisely as an integral system - from theoretical foundations, textbooks, programs, methodological developments to a system for advanced training of teachers, a system for monitoring and monitoring learning outcomes, a system for implementing it in specific schools;

Fourth, it would be a system of holistic and continuous education.

The technology of problem-dialogical learning has been developed, which allows replacing the lesson of "explanation" of new material with the lesson of "discovery" of knowledge. The problematic dialogue technology is a detailed description of teaching methods and their relationship with the content, forms and means of teaching. This technology is effective because it provides a high quality of knowledge acquisition, effective development of intellect and creative abilities, education of an active personality while maintaining the health of students. implemented on any subject content and any educational level.

One more important point should be noted. The program is often referred to as "School 2000-2100". And they combine mathematics Peterson L.G. into it. and Russian language Bunneva R.N. Currently, these are two different programs. UMK "School 2100" includes mathematics textbooks for grades 1-4 by the authors Demidova T.E., Kozlova S.A., Tonkikh A.P.

The main advantage of the educational and methodical set "School 2100" (under the editorship of A.A. Leontiev) lies in the deep continuity and continuity of education. Under this program, children can study from the age of three (a training kit for preschoolers has been created - a manual that develops logical thinking) and up to the university. All textbooks of the program are built taking into account the psychological specifics of age. A characteristic feature of this educational program is the following principle: the educational material is offered to students to the maximum, and the student must learn the material according to the minimum standard. Thus, each child has the opportunity to take as much as he can.

Expert opinion

“I have been working on various programs, I have been working with children for the sixth year now using the School 2100 developmental system,” says Nadezhda Ivanovna Titova, a primary school teacher at school No. 549 in Moscow. - I like. Children learn to act independently. There are no ready-made rules and conclusions. This program is aimed at the development of logical thinking, speech, imagination, memory. I will note the tasks in mathematics (author L.G. Peterson). They are very interesting, completing the task, the student can get additional information: find out a proverb or the name of the highest mountain in the world, etc. An unusual approach to the study of topics is offered by the Russian language training kit (author R.N. Buneev), but, unfortunately, Russian classical literature is not included in the list of literary works. There are difficulties in studying individual topics in the world around us (author A.A. Vakhrushev). I prepare for lessons in this subject longer than for others, and sometimes I even turn to a geography teacher for help. Children are active in the classroom, they are passionate about learning.

Website school2100.com

Zankov education system

Purpose: the general development of students, which is understood as the development of the mind, will, schoolchildren and as a reliable basis for their assimilation of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Objectives: one of the most important tasks is to educate a junior schoolchild about himself as a value. Education should be focused not so much on the whole class as a whole, but on each individual student. At the same time, the goal is not to “pull up” weak students to the level of strong ones, but to reveal the individuality and optimally develop each student, regardless of whether he is considered “strong” or “weak” in the class.

Principles: student independence, creative comprehension of the material. The teacher does not give the schoolchildren the truth, but makes them "dig" for themselves. The scheme is the opposite of the traditional one: first examples are given, and students themselves must draw theoretical conclusions. The acquired material is also fixed by practical tasks. The new didactic principles of this system are the rapid mastering of the material, a high level of difficulty, and the leading role of theoretical knowledge. Comprehension of concepts should occur in the understanding of systemic relationships.

Systematic work is carried out on the overall development of all students, including both strong and weak ones. It is important for students to be aware of their learning process.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: the willingness to work at a high pace, the ability to reflect, independently search for and assimilate information, and the willingness to be creative in solving the problem.

The system of primary education L.V. Zankov. The concept of L.V. Zankov's program was formulated in the 60s of the XX century.

The following provisions remain fundamental in it:

The educational material in all textbooks is presented in such forms that require independent activity of students;

The Zankov system is aimed at the discovery and assimilation of new knowledge;

Of particular importance is the organization of educational material in various forms of comparison, including for setting problematic tasks. Textbooks ensure the regular inclusion of such exercises in the process of teaching the student;

The educational material is aimed at the formation of the skills of mental activity: to classify (objects and concepts by forming the corresponding operations), to formulate conclusions, to analyze the conditions of tasks and tasks.

The disadvantage of the Zankov system, as well as Elkonin-Davydov, is that they do not receive a worthy continuation at higher levels of school education. And if you choose one of them, be prepared that after elementary school your child will still have to adjust to traditional teaching, and this can create problems for him at first.

Parents' opinions about the Zankov program:

"We study according to Zankov. The first grade is quite easy for us. We are not very happy even with some parents. The children studied for a very long time what they already knew. Now they seem to have stepped over this stage and the training is going on. Everyone was very scared of what would happen It's hard to learn, but so far we're doing well."

"Our class has completed the 1st year of study according to Zankov.

But ... The whole class went to the courses of the future first-grader, and when the teacher offered the usual program or according to Zankov (I read on the Internet that it was difficult), I asked if the children could handle it. She replied that they could manage, but parents would have to help with their homework, and most agreed to this program. I helped my son for about six months, and then he began to cope, I just checked. Tests were taken at the end of the year. Mostly there were 5, a little 4. As the teacher explained to us, under this program, children look for solutions in different ways, or there may be several solutions. So far the results are good in my opinion. Let's see how it goes."

Developing system L.V. Zankova is aimed at developing the mind, will, feelings, spiritual needs of younger students, awakening their interest in understanding the broad picture of the world, dedication to learning, and the development of curiosity. The task of education is to give a general picture of the world on the basis of science, literature, and art. This program is aimed at providing conditions for self-realization, for revealing the individuality of the child, his inner world.

A distinctive feature of the Zankov system is training at a high level of difficulty, the passage of educational material "in a spiral". When completing tasks, children learn to draw theoretical conclusions, creatively comprehend the material.

Expert opinion

- I love the L.V. system very much. Zankova, - says Nadezhda Vladimirovna Kazakova, deputy director for educational work of secondary school No. 148 in Moscow. – The children I taught under this program are now in the seventh grade. As a specialist, I see excellent results in my studies. Schoolchildren are excellent at reasoning, arguing, the development of their horizons compares favorably with their peers, their working capacity is higher.

- The program is aimed at the comprehensive development of the child, it teaches children to extract information themselves, and not to receive ready-made information, - L.V. adds about the system. Zankova Tatyana Vladimirovna Korsakova, head of the Methodological Association of Teachers of Primary School No. 148 in Moscow. – By graduating from primary school according to this system, children become more liberated, they have about three times more knowledge than their peers.

zankov.ru/article.asp?edition=5&heading=26&article=26 - the system is clearly and completely described, you can't say better

schools.keldysh.ru/UVK1690/zankov.htm

Other Primary School Programs

But in general: letters and numbers are not fully taught in any of the programs approved by the Federal State Educational Standard, they apparently think that the child should be taught this by parents or tutors before school. Yes, and in modern textbooks there are many inaccuracies and even errors. That is why the number of children with dysgraphia is growing. One gets the impression that when the program is included in the Federal State Educational Standard, the interests of certain people who have nothing to do with the education of children are lobbied.

But still, the child will cope with any program if parents or a tutor help him.

"Our teacher insisted on parent-teacher meetings, so that the child does his homework in front of his parents in grade 1, because he must learn to work at home correctly from the very beginning. All these programs are difficult, first of all, for parents, because parents will have to delve into ", but there everything is still a little different than in the Soviet school. Usually, in schools where there are developmental programs, meetings are held weekly for parents, at which they explain the material that the children are studying at the moment. In our school there is the developmental methodology of Elkonin- Davydova, but we refused it. We went to the School of Russia. Precisely for reasons of my convenience, because I do not have the opportunity to be at school so often. If my daughter does not understand something, I can explain it to her without the help of a teacher. And then, she tried to figure out the graphs in mathematics. I think that she is wrong. And my daughter, she says to me: No, they explained it to us this way. I will do it.

what will be given to you. I look at the next day, the teacher did not cross out. In general, I left her mathematics, reading and any drawing on her conscience. She made them while I was at work. And she kept her penmanship. This was her weak point. We sat with her all the evenings over these prescriptions. It happened that to tears (and to mine, too). As a result, I wrote the final writing test without a single mistake and blot, but in my favorite mathematics I made as many as 2 mistakes.

So, dear parents of future first-graders, whatever program you choose, work with children at home, and then the child will cope with any program.

Parents of future first-graders are concerned about many pressing problems. First, of course, you need to decide which school the child will go to - the nearest one, but on foot, or go every morning to the best one. The next choice is more difficult - the choice of teacher and program. Many psychologists advise to go "to the teacher", since the human factor in the education and upbringing of children is the most important. But the choice of the program is no less responsible. How to choose the one that suits your child from all the variety? After all, each has its pros and cons, its own distinctive features, with which we will try to figure it out here.

What does a modern elementary school offer?

Program "School of Russia"

In our childhood, there was only one program approved by the state - the traditional one. There is such a thing now. And if you are completely satisfied with your primary education - choose a program "School of Russia". Contrary to popular belief, it is not outdated at all. Textbooks are regularly updated and supplemented, improving both the texts and the way the material is presented.

The program is designed for an average child, without any special inclinations towards the humanities or, on the contrary, the exact sciences - by the first grade, units are determined with their future vocation - therefore, it suits most children. Knowledge in it is given consistently and interconnectedly, skills are imparted in the traditional way - doing exercises and solving problems, a lot of repetition to consolidate the material, which is especially important for elementary school, but is criticized for being monotonous and stereotyped.

Program "2100"

Traditional programs include many others that are not so familiar. For example, the well-known "School 2100". This program is very popular in elementary school, but few schools will offer you to continue with it in middle and high school, and after all, continuity was considered the main advantage of this program from the very beginning. So, if you want your child to study exactly according to "2100", think in advance what you will do with him in the fifth grade when he starts to get bored in mathematics. Because the main emphasis of this program is logic and mathematics, which is good, although not suitable for everyone.

Many children, especially those who go to school before the age of seven, experience difficulties in learning under this program, due to the unformed abstract-logical thinking. This type of thinking develops for quite a long time, and at the age of 6 its formation is just beginning. But, of course, if your six-year-old draws perpetual motion machines in three projections and talks about space with skill, then "School 2100" is simply created for him. In addition, this program focuses on the development of fine motor skills. This is both a plus and a minus at the same time, since for quite a long time the children are engaged in shading without moving to the smooth lines of capital letters. So perseverance is also very important when mastering this program.

On the other hand, the material is presented in a very coherent, interesting way, there are constant references to other areas of knowledge, which develops general erudition. Within the same topic, tasks of different levels of complexity are provided, which makes it possible to adapt to a student with any ability, but some teachers prefer to ask "from and to", so be prepared to help your child with homework.

planet of knowledge

Another very good, but for some reason not very common program - "Planet of Knowledge". It also belongs to the traditional ones, it has all the advantages of the "School of Russia" program - coherence, consistency, classical presentation, but much more colorful textbooks and visual explanations. This program is suitable for any first grader. Unlike "2100", the basics of counting are presented in it in a very accessible way, all new topics are accompanied by color schemes and illustrations. The subjects in this program are interconnected - reading Nosov's stories, the child solves problems with his characters, and, studying the animals of the taiga, writes a presentation about them. In addition, the program involves an independent search for information and preparation of reports by the end of each quarter on one of the proposed topics. Of course, the child may not be able to do this right away, but if there are encyclopedias and / or the Internet at home, as well as adequate help from parents, such a search will develop the child’s ability to filter information and choose meaningful information, which will certainly come in handy in life.

perspective

The program is becoming more and more popular in schools "Perspective". It is also classified as traditional, but, like in "2100", and in many other modern programs, it provides for work in notebooks with a printed basis. This may be good, or maybe not very good, depending on the teacher - some sin in that they almost do not use ordinary Russian language notebooks, asking children to rewrite only the small number of words provided by the methodological material.

Reading, if the child does not read at home himself, is also weak, although the works chosen are interesting, the authors, one might say, are classics, but there are few texts, short poems predominate. Mathematics in this program, despite the well-chosen exercises, is not built quite logically. For example, first children are introduced to the multiplication table, and only then are they taught addition and subtraction within 100. In general, topics in all subjects are unreasonably rearranged relative to more traditional program options.

Promising Elementary School

Another program is "Promising Elementary School", despite the similar name with the "Perspective" discussed above, is similar to it, except perhaps in the order of topics in mathematics - also multiplication before addition, etc. The Russian language is presented, probably, in the most original way - without naming the parts of speech until the last. Children learn in this way: "words denoting actions" and "words denoting an object." Although the Russian language textbook itself is built in the form of a semi-artistic work, with dialogues between characters and other techniques that motivate learning. But they also write in this program almost exclusively in notebooks with a printed basis.

Harmony

Program "Harmony" is also famous for its disorderliness, especially in the "World Around", although there is a lot of information from different fields of knowledge. The unstructured rules make it difficult for schoolchildren to perceive both the Russian language and mathematics, although, perhaps, for children with a creative bias, such provision of independence in wording will, on the contrary, be the most appropriate way of learning.

Primary school XXI century

The same goes for traditional programs. "Primary school XXI century". The material of this program is designed for strong erudite children. Students are placed in conditions where they must independently acquire knowledge - there are many tasks in textbooks, but few explanations - but, unfortunately, this often becomes the homework of parents who have not calculated the strength and motivation of the child. The program itself is good, but difficult for an ordinary child.

Zankov, Elkonin-Davydov systems

These were all traditional programs that develop in modern schools, two are used - Zankov system and Elkonin-Davydov system. The essence of developmental education is the absence of the traditional principle "from simple to complex", i.e. in all previous programs, the material is first explained, then a simple task is given, then they complicate it, combining it with previously learned. In developmental learning, the opposite is true. First, the task is given, and then, together with classmates and the teacher, the child must himself identify the pattern or rule according to which this task should be performed. Thus, children are taught to extract information themselves, and not to receive ready-made information.

Developmental learning programs suggest the innate motivation of children to seek knowledge. Alas, modern children, especially after kindergarten, no longer have this motivation for the first grade. Not everyone, of course, but most. Therefore, developmental programs are not suitable for everyone, despite their attractiveness in terms of developing independent thinking, but only for those children who have a vein of a researcher, and at the age of seven their eyes still burn when confronted with new knowledge. In addition, a lot depends on the personality of the teacher, on his ability to organize a creative educational process. Unfortunately, the combination of all these factors in our schools is very rare. In addition, the Elkonin-Davydov system does not involve the evaluation of educational activities, which makes it difficult to communicate between the teacher and the parent. Although, according to the rules of an ordinary secondary school, teachers are still forced to give quarterly and annual grades, regardless of the program, and because of this, the Elkonin-Davydov system loses part of the meaning invested in it by the creators. Well, perhaps the biggest drawback of developmental education in elementary school is that these systems do not involve continuation in the fifth grade, and the child will still have to integrate into the traditional education system, just later than the rest.

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